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Education · World Bank income group

Education in upper-middle-income countries: how the countries rank

School enrolment, completion, literacy and public spending on education. 12 indicators for the 59 economies in the upper-middle income group, ranked within the group; the group figure is the World Bank aggregate.

Pre-primary enrolment77.9%group, 2020 · world 60.9%Primary enrolment100.7%group, 2024 · world 102.2%Primary completion95.2%group, 2023 · world 88.0%Secondary enrolment96.5%group, 2024 · world 77.3%Lower secondary completion93.0%group, 2023 · world 77.9%Tertiary enrolment64.6%group, 2024 · world 43.6%Out-of-school children4.0%group, 2025Adult literacy96.2%group, 2024 · world 87.7%
Pre-primary enrolment
upper-middle-income countriesWorldlow-income countrieslower-middle-income countrieshigh-income countries
0%25%50%75%100%199520002005201020152020upper-middle-income countries77.9%Worldlow-income countrieslower-middle-income countrieshigh-income countries
Primary enrolment
upper-middle-income countriesWorldlow-income countrieslower-middle-income countrieshigh-income countries
0%50%100%150%199520002005201020152020upper-middle-income countries100.7%Worldlow-income countrieslower-middle-income countrieshigh-income countries
countries

All 59 economies, education

Latest value and rank within the group (small figure). Click a column to sort; the country name opens its education profile.

56 shown
CountryPre-primary enrolmentPrimary enrolmentPrimary completionSecondary enrolmentLower secondary completionTertiary enrolmentOut-of-school childrenAdult literacy
Grenada130.8%#1 · 2020110.6%#4 · 202497.5%#23 · 2024100.7%#13 · 202489.5%#28 · 2024100.0%#3 · 20184.9%#18 · 2024—
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines113.8%#2 · 2020111.4%#3 · 2024109.0%#2 · 2024124.9%#1 · 2024109.9%#2 · 202441.5%#33 · 2022——
Mauritius102.0%#3 · 2021107.3%#9 · 202483.2%#48 · 202490.7%#31 · 2024—45.8%#28 · 20240.8%#41 · 202494.3%#31 · 2023
Cuba99.6%#4 · 202198.1%#35 · 202491.1%#40 · 202491.7%#28 · 202489.2%#29 · 202443.1%#31 · 20244.7%#21 · 202497.7%#18 · 2019
Belarus96.8%#5 · 202196.8%#40 · 202495.8%#30 · 202494.8%#20 · 2024100.8%#6 · 202470.1%#12 · 20244.5%#22 · 202499.9%#3 · 2019
Peru96.4%#6 · 2021112.8%#1 · 2024—108.3%#4 · 2024—71.2%#10 · 2017—93.7%#33 · 2024
Georgia95.2%#7 · 202099.4%#33 · 2024103.8%#8 · 2024101.0%#12 · 202485.9%#33 · 202489.5%#4 · 20256.2%#16 · 202499.7%#7 · 2024
China93.1%#8 · 202199.6%#32 · 2024———76.9%#7 · 2024—96.7%#21 · 2020
Vietnam92.4%#9 · 2021106.3%#10 · 2024100.6%#11 · 202493.4%#23 · 202295.2%#16 · 202437.6%#37 · 20241.7%#34 · 202496.1%#22 · 2022
Moldova90.3%#10 · 2021107.6%#8 · 2024108.1%#4 · 202499.3%#14 · 2024104.1%#4 · 202474.7%#9 · 20240.5%#47 · 202499.4%#9 · 2014
Philippines90.2%#11 · 202194.0%#46 · 202491.4%#39 · 202485.3%#41 · 202484.8%#36 · 202447.4%#27 · 202411.6%#7 · 202498.5%#14 · 2020
Malaysia87.5%#12 · 202190.4%#51 · 202487.7%#45 · 202480.3%#44 · 202481.5%#40 · 202438.5%#35 · 202412.0%#6 · 202495.8%#24 · 2022
Brazil85.9%#13 · 2020104.3%#15 · 2024—104.1%#7 · 2024—69.7%#13 · 20242.2%#30 · 202494.7%#29 · 2024
Tuvalu85.9%#14 · 2021101.1%#27 · 202495.1%#33 · 202490.7%#32 · 2024102.8%#5 · 202419.4%#48 · 20230.5%#44 · 2024100.0%#1 · 2022
Colombia85.9%#15 · 2020104.8%#14 · 202297.1%#27 · 2022101.6%#11 · 202283.0%#39 · 202259.3%#16 · 20227.3%#14 · 202295.3%#27 · 2024
Ukraine85.8%#16 · 202093.3%#47 · 202494.6%#34 · 202486.2%#39 · 202489.8%#27 · 202487.2%#5 · 202412.9%#5 · 2024—
Mongolia80.1%#17 · 202192.3%#48 · 202493.5%#38 · 202496.8%#18 · 202389.1%#30 · 202469.0%#14 · 20248.6%#11 · 202498.6%#12 · 2024
Suriname78.2%#18 · 202191.9%#49 · 202475.2%#51 · 202176.1%#48 · 202342.3%#50 · 20212.6%#51 · 202416.2%#3 · 202492.9%#35 · 2012
Saint Lucia78.0%#19 · 202096.8%#41 · 202497.4%#25 · 202487.9%#36 · 202483.0%#38 · 202415.0%#50 · 20237.0%#15 · 2024—
Argentina76.2%#20 · 2020102.5%#17 · 202398.9%#17 · 2023105.6%#5 · 202395.0%#17 · 2023107.8%#1 · 20230.7%#42 · 202399.1%#11 · 2020
Maldives76.1%#21 · 202099.7%#31 · 202493.8%#37 · 202479.4%#45 · 202394.6%#18 · 202448.5%#25 · 20220.9%#38 · 202498.2%#15 · 2019
Cabo Verde74.7%#22 · 2019103.0%#16 · 202299.1%#16 · 202296.4%#19 · 202283.0%#37 · 202224.3%#43 · 201841.8%#1 · 202288.5%#42 · 2024
Thailand74.4%#23 · 2022100.7%#29 · 2025107.1%#6 · 202592.1%#26 · 202595.7%#14 · 202549.1%#24 · 20250.8%#40 · 202591.1%#38 · 2022
Kazakhstan74.1%#24 · 202097.3%#37 · 202598.1%#22 · 202597.6%#16 · 202597.4%#10 · 202552.9%#22 · 20257.9%#13 · 202599.7%#6 · 2009
Montenegro72.9%#25 · 2021106.1%#11 · 2023106.7%#7 · 202393.9%#22 · 202397.0%#12 · 202355.2%#19 · 20230.2%#49 · 202398.5%#13 · 2018
Iran72.5%#26 · 2020102.0%#21 · 202397.4%#24 · 202385.1%#42 · 202385.2%#35 · 202358.7%#17 · 20220.1%#50 · 202388.9%#40 · 2023
Sri Lanka71.8%#27 · 202091.5%#50 · 202394.5%#35 · 202388.0%#35 · 202391.9%#21 · 202320.7%#46 · 20239.1%#9 · 202392.7%#36 · 2024
Mexico70.6%#28 · 2020102.3%#19 · 2024102.3%#9 · 2024103.1%#9 · 202486.6%#32 · 202448.2%#26 · 20240.4%#48 · 202495.6%#26 · 2024
Albania69.2%#29 · 2021111.5%#2 · 2024107.3%#5 · 2024108.4%#3 · 2024104.2%#3 · 202484.1%#6 · 20240.5%#46 · 202497.7%#17 · 2023
Marshall Islands67.8%#30 · 2021101.8%#23 · 202498.5%#19 · 202485.8%#40 · 2024114.1%#1 · 202437.7%#36 · 20241.5%#36 · 202495.8%#25 · 2021
Dominica66.0%#31 · 202197.7%#36 · 202591.1%#41 · 2025102.6%#10 · 202390.4%#26 · 2023—4.0%#25 · 2023—
Serbia63.8%#32 · 202196.0%#44 · 202496.0%#29 · 202289.8%#34 · 202495.3%#15 · 202270.6%#11 · 20243.3%#27 · 202499.3%#10 · 2022
Indonesia62.3%#33 · 2018100.4%#30 · 2025100.0%#15 · 202397.2%#17 · 202599.7%#7 · 202544.9%#30 · 20230.9%#39 · 202596.0%#23 · 2020
Ecuador55.3%#34 · 202197.2%#39 · 2023100.2%#13 · 202392.8%#24 · 202390.5%#25 · 202367.9%#15 · 20234.7%#20 · 202393.5%#34 · 2024
Paraguay51.1%#35 · 202089.4%#53 · 202488.7%#44 · 202479.1%#46 · 202475.5%#46 · 2024—13.3%#4 · 202494.9%#28 · 2024
Guatemala49.8%#36 · 2021101.5%#25 · 202486.5%#46 · 202449.6%#51 · 202449.3%#49 · 202427.3%#40 · 20238.4%#12 · 202482.1%#45 · 2024
Tonga48.3%#37 · 2020108.8%#7 · 2024108.1%#3 · 202492.4%#25 · 202499.4%#8 · 202442.9%#32 · 20232.3%#29 · 202299.5%#8 · 2023
Azerbaijan46.3%#38 · 2021105.6%#12 · 202497.2%#26 · 202491.1%#29 · 202480.3%#42 · 202441.3%#34 · 20240.0%#51 · 202499.8%#5 · 2023
Gabon43.0%#39 · 2019——————88.9%#41 · 2021
Samoa41.4%#40 · 2021101.0%#28 · 2024100.0%#14 · 2024—96.8%#13 · 202416.0%#49 · 20241.8%#33 · 202498.0%#16 · 2019
Türkiye39.7%#41 · 2020102.4%#18 · 202390.6%#42 · 2023118.4%#2 · 202391.8%#22 · 2023105.9%#2 · 20230.6%#43 · 202397.3%#19 · 2021
Turkmenistan35.9%#42 · 202095.7%#45 · 202498.6%#18 · 202494.6%#21 · 202481.1%#41 · 202220.4%#47 · 20244.3%#24 · 202499.9%#2 · 2022
Belize34.2%#43 · 202196.5%#42 · 202494.2%#36 · 202486.5%#38 · 202479.1%#44 · 202424.8%#42 · 202410.7%#8 · 202487.9%#43 · 2022
Dominican Republic33.4%#44 · 2021101.9%#22 · 202490.0%#43 · 202476.4%#47 · 202479.7%#43 · 202457.7%#18 · 20244.9%#19 · 202494.0%#32 · 2024
Fiji31.3%#45 · 2021110.4%#5 · 2024116.3%#1 · 202498.1%#15 · 202497.3%#11 · 202475.0%#8 · 20242.4%#28 · 2024—
North Macedonia31.0%#46 · 202096.3%#43 · 202395.8%#31 · 202390.1%#33 · 202393.0%#20 · 202355.0%#20 · 20233.8%#26 · 2023—
Armenia28.8%#47 · 2021102.0%#20 · 202498.2%#21 · 202490.9%#30 · 202497.9%#9 · 202452.8%#23 · 20241.1%#37 · 202499.8%#4 · 2023
Jordan26.6%#48 · 202198.6%#34 · 202497.0%#28 · 202491.8%#27 · 202491.3%#24 · 202435.9%#38 · 20241.9%#32 · 202494.4%#30 · 2024
Bosnia and Herzegovina25.5%#49 · 2021101.2%#26 · 2023100.5%#12 · 202387.9%#37 · 202393.8%#19 · 202345.5%#29 · 20232.1%#31 · 202397.0%#20 · 2013
South Africa17.5%#50 · 2020101.8%#24 · 202395.3%#32 · 2023104.1%#8 · 202388.3%#31 · 202323.5%#44 · 20236.1%#17 · 202391.2%#37 · 2024
Micronesia5.9%#51 · 202182.2%#54 · 202478.9%#50 · 2024—75.1%#47 · 2024—23.1%#2 · 2024—
Algeria—105.5%#13 · 202598.2%#20 · 2025105.2%#6 · 202479.0%#45 · 202554.4%#21 · 20241.6%#35 · 2025—
Botswana—109.3%#6 · 2022101.5%#10 · 202270.6%#49 · 202191.4%#23 · 202221.4%#45 · 20240.5%#45 · 2022—
El Salvador—89.9%#52 · 202482.6%#49 · 202462.1%#50 · 202472.7%#48 · 202432.8%#39 · 20248.7%#10 · 202489.8%#39 · 2024
Iraq———————84.1%#44 · 2021
Jamaica—97.3%#38 · 202483.6%#47 · 202484.5%#43 · 202485.6%#34 · 202426.2%#41 · 20154.3%#23 · 2024—
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)Ranks count group members with a value in the recent window.
within the group

Highest and lowest, indicator by indicator

Pre-primary enrolment51 countries
  1. 1Grenada130.8%2020
  2. 2Saint Vincent and the Grenadines113.8%2020
  3. 3Mauritius102.0%2021
Lowest
  1. 51Micronesia5.9%2021
  2. 50South Africa17.5%2020
  3. 49Bosnia and Herzegovina25.5%2021
Median country 72.5% · group 77.9%
Primary enrolment54 countries
  1. 1Peru112.8%2024
  2. 2Albania111.5%2024
  3. 3Saint Vincent and the Grenadines111.4%2024
Lowest
  1. 54Micronesia82.2%2024
  2. 53Paraguay89.4%2024
  3. 52El Salvador89.9%2024
Median country 101.1% · group 100.7%
Primary completion51 countries
  1. 1Fiji116.3%2024
  2. 2Saint Vincent and the Grenadines109.0%2024
  3. 3Tonga108.1%2024
Lowest
  1. 51Suriname75.2%2021
  2. 50Micronesia78.9%2024
  3. 49El Salvador82.6%2024
Median country 97.2% · group 95.2%
Secondary enrolment51 countries
  1. 1Saint Vincent and the Grenadines124.9%2024
  2. 2Türkiye118.4%2023
  3. 3Albania108.4%2024
Lowest
  1. 51Guatemala49.6%2024
  2. 50El Salvador62.1%2024
  3. 49Botswana70.6%2021
Median country 92.1% · group 96.5%
Lower secondary completion50 countries
  1. 1Marshall Islands114.1%2024
  2. 2Saint Vincent and the Grenadines109.9%2024
  3. 3Albania104.2%2024
Lowest
  1. 50Suriname42.3%2021
  2. 49Guatemala49.3%2024
  3. 48El Salvador72.7%2024
Median country 90.4% · group 93.0%
Tertiary enrolment51 countries
  1. 1Argentina107.8%2023
  2. 2Türkiye105.9%2023
  3. 3Grenada100.0%2018
Lowest
  1. 51Suriname2.6%2024
  2. 50Saint Lucia15.0%2023
  3. 49Samoa16.0%2024
Median country 48.2% · group 64.6%
Out-of-school children51 countries
  1. 1Cabo Verde41.8%2022
  2. 2Micronesia23.1%2024
  3. 3Suriname16.2%2024
Lowest
  1. 51Azerbaijan0.0%2024
  2. 50Iran0.1%2023
  3. 49Montenegro0.2%2023
Median country 3.8% · group 4.0%
Adult literacy45 countries
  1. 1Tuvalu100.0%2022
  2. 2Turkmenistan99.9%2022
  3. 3Belarus99.9%2019
Lowest
  1. 45Guatemala82.1%2024
  2. 44Iraq84.1%2021
  3. 43Belize87.9%2022
Median country 96.0% · group 96.2%
Youth literacy47 countries
  1. 1Tuvalu100.0%2022
  2. 2Saint Lucia100.0%2012
  3. 3Turkmenistan99.9%2022
Lowest
  1. 47Türkiye92.2%2022
  2. 46Iraq92.4%2021
  3. 45Jamaica93.6%2022
Median country 99.0% · group 99.3%
Pupils per teacher48 countries
  1. 1Mongolia30.42018
  2. 2South Africa30.32015
  3. 3Philippines29.12017
Lowest
  1. 48Georgia9.02018
  2. 47Cuba9.22018
  3. 46Maldives10.22017
Median country 17.7 · group 18.4
Education spending53 countries
  1. 1Tuvalu12.8%2023
  2. 2Micronesia11.6%2020
  3. 3Algeria9.0%2024
Lowest
  1. 53Indonesia1.3%2023
  2. 52Sri Lanka1.8%2023
  3. 51Gabon2.3%2023
Median country 4.2% · group 3.6%
Education, % of budget52 countries
  1. 1Turkmenistan27.6%2024
  2. 2Kazakhstan22.0%2024
  3. 3Botswana21.5%2020
Lowest
  1. 52Dominica5.8%2025
  2. 51Sri Lanka7.2%2024
  3. 50Serbia8.4%2023
Median country 13.3% · group 15.1%
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Other topics in upper-middle-income countries

Upper-middle income: overview
PopulationEconomyPrices & public financeTrade & investmentLabourAid, poverty & equalityHealthDigital & energy accessEnvironment