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Trade & investment · World Bank income group

Trade & investment in upper-middle-income countries: how the countries rank

How open economies are: exports, imports, investment, remittances and tourism. 13 indicators for the 59 economies in the upper-middle income group, ranked within the group; the group figure is the World Bank aggregate.

Exports25.9%group, 2025 · world 29.5%Imports23.8%group, 2025 · world 28.5%Trade openness48.9%group, 2025 · world 68.5%Current account-2.5%median countryMerchandise exports$7.7tngroup, 2025 · world $26.4tnHigh-tech exports23.2%group, 2024 · world 24.7%Fuel exports5.2%group, 2025 · world 9.5%Food exports9.0%group, 2025 · world 9.0%
Exports
upper-middle-income countriesWorldlow-income countrieslower-middle-income countrieshigh-income countries
0%10%20%30%40%1995200020052010201520202025upper-middle-income countries25.9%Worldlow-income countrieslower-middle-income countrieshigh-income countries
Imports
upper-middle-income countriesWorldlow-income countrieslower-middle-income countrieshigh-income countries
0%10%20%30%40%1995200020052010201520202025upper-middle-income countries23.8%Worldlow-income countrieslower-middle-income countrieshigh-income countries
countries

All 59 economies, trade & investment

Latest value and rank within the group (small figure). Click a column to sort; the country name opens its trade & investment profile.

59 shown
CountryExportsImportsTrade opennessCurrent accountMerchandise exportsHigh-tech exportsFuel exportsFood exports
Vietnam98.2%#1 · 202592.1%#1 · 2025190.3%#1 · 20256.4%#4 · 2025$473bn#3 · 202544.3%#4 · 20231.0%#37 · 20239.4%#39 · 2023
Maldives78.2%#2 · 202478.3%#4 · 2024156.5%#2 · 2024-6.2%#39 · 2025$444m#48 · 20250.0%#49 · 20240.1%#43 · 202597.0%#1 · 2025
Libya71.7%#3 · 202565.9%#10 · 2025137.7%#5 · 20254.2%#8 · 2023$30.1bn#22 · 20250.6%#47 · 2019——
Thailand71.1%#4 · 202567.3%#9 · 2025138.4%#4 · 20253.0%#12 · 2025$340bn#6 · 202528.3%#7 · 20242.4%#32 · 202513.3%#33 · 2025
Malaysia71.0%#5 · 202565.4%#12 · 2025136.4%#6 · 20251.6%#15 · 2025$376bn#4 · 202558.6%#3 · 202411.2%#16 · 202510.4%#38 · 2025
Mongolia68.1%#6 · 202562.6%#14 · 2025130.7%#8 · 2025-8.4%#44 · 2025$15.8bn#24 · 202522.5%#10 · 202361.1%#5 · 20233.3%#45 · 2023
Mauritius65.0%#7 · 202574.9%#5 · 2025139.9%#3 · 2025-7.0%#41 · 2024$2.3bn#42 · 20251.2%#44 · 20240.0%#49 · 202552.3%#11 · 2025
North Macedonia59.6%#8 · 202573.4%#7 · 2025133.0%#7 · 2025-4.3%#35 · 2025$9.1bn#33 · 20256.4%#24 · 20242.8%#30 · 202511.8%#35 · 2025
Gabon55.5%#9 · 202529.4%#37 · 202584.9%#24 · 2025—$11.6bn#30 · 20251.8%#41 · 202354.0%#7 · 20230.9%#49 · 2023
Belize55.2%#10 · 202453.7%#21 · 2024109.0%#15 · 2024-2.8%#29 · 2025$444m#47 · 20250.0%#50 · 20240.0%#45 · 202595.3%#2 · 2025
Belarus55.1%#11 · 202557.0%#18 · 2025112.1%#14 · 2025-1.2%#23 · 2025$41.4bn#18 · 20256.0%#26 · 202112.6%#15 · 202016.6%#30 · 2021
Fiji54.4%#12 · 202464.6%#13 · 2024119.0%#10 · 2024-7.8%#42 · 2024$1.1bn#45 · 20253.2%#35 · 20240.1%#42 · 202555.4%#10 · 2025
Serbia54.3%#13 · 202558.6%#17 · 2025112.9%#13 · 2025-4.9%#37 · 2025$37.3bn#20 · 2025———
Armenia48.1%#14 · 202553.6%#22 · 2025101.7%#17 · 2025-8.7%#45 · 2025$8.4bn#34 · 202523.6%#9 · 20241.0%#35 · 202518.4%#28 · 2025
Georgia47.4%#15 · 202553.2%#24 · 2025100.6%#18 · 2025-2.6%#28 · 2025$7.3bn#35 · 20253.8%#34 · 20243.1%#28 · 202545.4%#14 · 2025
Equatorial Guinea46.5%#16 · 202528.4%#38 · 202574.9%#32 · 2025—$2.6bn#41 · 2025———
Kosovo44.0%#17 · 202574.2%#6 · 2025118.2%#11 · 2025-8.1%#43 · 2025————
Azerbaijan43.0%#18 · 202536.8%#33 · 202579.8%#26 · 20254.6%#7 · 2025$25.0bn#23 · 20252.9%#37 · 202485.9%#3 · 20255.2%#44 · 2025
Cuba42.5%#19 · 202482.4%#2 · 2024124.9%#9 · 2024—$1.6bn#44 · 20257.9%#20 · 20225.7%#21 · 202130.7%#18 · 2022
Cabo Verde42.0%#20 · 202553.4%#23 · 202595.3%#19 · 20253.6%#11 · 2025$96.0m#50 · 20251.2%#45 · 20230.0%#51 · 202386.4%#3 · 2024
Bosnia and Herzegovina41.0%#21 · 202554.1%#20 · 202595.1%#20 · 2025-4.0%#33 · 2025$9.8bn#32 · 20256.2%#25 · 20246.5%#20 · 20257.4%#42 · 2025
Montenegro40.1%#22 · 202565.7%#11 · 2025105.8%#16 · 2025-20.4%#50 · 2025$646m#46 · 202514.5%#12 · 202423.8%#11 · 202518.6%#27 · 2025
Iraq39.8%#23 · 202437.4%#32 · 202477.1%#30 · 20241.9%#14 · 2025$92.9bn#11 · 2025—99.0%#1 · 20240.5%#51 · 2024
Mexico39.6%#24 · 202540.3%#28 · 202579.9%#25 · 2025-0.5%#20 · 2025$665bn#2 · 202519.3%#11 · 20243.0%#29 · 20257.5%#41 · 2025
Paraguay37.2%#25 · 202539.3%#30 · 202576.5%#31 · 2025-2.5%#27 · 2025$11.1bn#31 · 202510.5%#14 · 202411.0%#17 · 202569.1%#6 · 2025
Albania37.0%#26 · 202542.5%#27 · 202579.5%#27 · 2025-0.5%#21 · 2025$4.3bn#38 · 20251.5%#43 · 20243.3%#27 · 202413.4%#32 · 2024
Marshall Islands36.0%#27 · 202579.9%#3 · 2025115.9%#12 · 202521.9%#2 · 2024$72.0m#52 · 2025———
El Salvador32.0%#28 · 202556.1%#19 · 202588.2%#23 · 2025-3.5%#32 · 2025$6.4bn#36 · 20255.6%#28 · 20244.8%#24 · 202523.7%#24 · 2025
Botswana32.0%#29 · 202537.5%#31 · 202569.5%#34 · 20252.9%#13 · 2025$5.1bn#37 · 20250.5%#48 · 20230.7%#38 · 20231.9%#48 · 2023
Moldova31.8%#30 · 202560.9%#15 · 202592.7%#22 · 2025-19.6%#49 · 2025$3.8bn#39 · 20252.9%#36 · 20241.8%#33 · 202558.5%#9 · 2025
Kazakhstan31.6%#31 · 202425.6%#41 · 202457.2%#39 · 2024-4.1%#34 · 2025$78.8bn#15 · 202542.2%#5 · 202454.5%#6 · 20258.9%#40 · 2025
Ecuador31.4%#32 · 202527.9%#39 · 202559.4%#38 · 20255.9%#5 · 2025$37.2bn#21 · 202510.0%#16 · 202420.9%#12 · 202558.7%#7 · 2025
South Africa31.4%#33 · 202529.5%#36 · 202560.9%#36 · 2025-0.4%#19 · 2025$116bn#9 · 20255.7%#27 · 20248.2%#19 · 202512.8%#34 · 2025
Peru30.0%#34 · 202521.8%#45 · 202551.8%#40 · 20253.6%#10 · 2025$82.7bn#14 · 20255.2%#30 · 20245.7%#22 · 202421.2%#26 · 2024
Samoa27.6%#35 · 202543.0%#26 · 202570.6%#33 · 20256.9%#3 · 2025$24.0m#56 · 202576.7%#1 · 202433.3%#9 · 202424.8%#22 · 2024
Philippines26.6%#36 · 202540.2%#29 · 202566.8%#35 · 2025-3.5%#31 · 2025$83.7bn#13 · 202560.4%#2 · 20241.0%#36 · 202510.8%#37 · 2025
Iran25.8%#37 · 202534.5%#34 · 202560.2%#37 · 2025—$113bn#10 · 20250.8%#46 · 202268.0%#4 · 20235.6%#43 · 2023
Ukraine25.3%#38 · 202551.8%#25 · 202577.2%#29 · 2025-13.5%#47 · 2025$40.4bn#19 · 20256.4%#23 · 20240.5%#40 · 202458.7%#8 · 2024
Türkiye24.8%#39 · 202525.1%#42 · 202549.9%#42 · 2025-1.9%#25 · 2025$273bn#8 · 20255.1%#31 · 20245.4%#23 · 202511.8%#36 · 2025
Dominican Republic23.6%#40 · 202527.9%#40 · 202551.5%#41 · 2025-1.4%#24 · 2025$15.6bn#25 · 20257.7%#21 · 20240.6%#39 · 202524.7%#23 · 2025
Indonesia22.8%#41 · 202520.5%#46 · 202543.4%#44 · 2025-0.1%#18 · 2025$283bn#7 · 20258.7%#19 · 202416.0%#14 · 202522.9%#25 · 2025
Micronesia22.1%#42 · 202570.9%#8 · 202593.1%#21 · 2025—$109m#49 · 2025———
China21.1%#43 · 202516.9%#49 · 202538.0%#47 · 20253.8%#9 · 2025$3.8tn#1 · 202526.3%#8 · 20241.4%#34 · 20252.3%#47 · 2025
Sri Lanka19.0%#44 · 202522.8%#43 · 202541.8%#45 · 20251.6%#16 · 2025$13.6bn#29 · 20251.5%#42 · 20243.6%#25 · 202529.0%#20 · 2025
Brazil17.8%#45 · 202517.5%#48 · 202535.3%#49 · 2025-2.9%#30 · 2025$348bn#5 · 202511.1%#13 · 202416.1%#13 · 202540.7%#17 · 2025
Tonga16.9%#46 · 202460.7%#16 · 202477.6%#28 · 2024-4.4%#36 · 2025$13.0m#57 · 202528.5%#6 · 20230.0%#47 · 202515.0%#31 · 2025
Algeria16.8%#47 · 202522.1%#44 · 202539.0%#46 · 2025-8.8%#46 · 2025$45.4bn#17 · 2025—93.1%#2 · 20240.5%#50 · 2024
Guatemala15.6%#48 · 202531.0%#35 · 202546.5%#43 · 20254.7%#6 · 2025$15.6bn#27 · 20255.4%#29 · 20242.5%#31 · 202546.8%#13 · 2025
Argentina15.6%#49 · 202514.8%#50 · 202530.4%#50 · 2025-1.1%#22 · 2025$87.1bn#12 · 20253.9%#33 · 20249.1%#18 · 202550.1%#12 · 2025
Colombia15.0%#50 · 202520.4%#47 · 202535.4%#48 · 2025-2.4%#26 · 2025$50.1bn#16 · 20259.0%#18 · 202434.9%#8 · 202525.4%#21 · 2025
Turkmenistan14.5%#51 · 202513.7%#51 · 202528.2%#51 · 2025—$15.6bn#26 · 2025———
Dominica———-38.0%#52 · 2025$24.0m#55 · 20252.9%#38 · 20230.0%#46 · 202341.2%#16 · 2023
Grenada———-23.1%#51 · 2025$35.0m#54 · 20256.4%#22 · 20240.0%#50 · 202469.1%#5 · 2024
Jamaica———1.5%#17 · 2025$1.7bn#43 · 20252.6%#39 · 202323.9%#10 · 202529.5%#19 · 2025
Jordan———-5.3%#38 · 2024$14.9bn#28 · 20252.1%#40 · 20230.3%#41 · 202417.6%#29 · 2024
Saint Lucia———-6.3%#40 · 2025$85.0m#51 · 20259.3%#17 · 20203.4%#26 · 202041.6%#15 · 2020
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines———-16.1%#48 · 2025$37.0m#53 · 20254.9%#32 · 20230.0%#44 · 202372.5%#4 · 2023
Suriname———-55.3%#53 · 2025$2.7bn#40 · 202510.4%#15 · 20240.0%#48 · 20252.4%#46 · 2025
Tuvalu———40.0%#1 · 2023$0.00#58 · 2025———
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)Ranks count group members with a value in the recent window.
within the group

Highest and lowest, indicator by indicator

Exports51 countries
  1. 1Vietnam98.2%2025
  2. 2Maldives78.2%2024
  3. 3Libya71.7%2025
Lowest
  1. 51Turkmenistan14.5%2025
  2. 50Colombia15.0%2025
  3. 49Argentina15.6%2025
Median country 37.0% · group 25.9%
Imports51 countries
  1. 1Vietnam92.1%2025
  2. 2Cuba82.4%2024
  3. 3Marshall Islands79.9%2025
Lowest
  1. 51Turkmenistan13.7%2025
  2. 50Argentina14.8%2025
  3. 49China16.9%2025
Median country 43.0% · group 23.8%
Trade openness51 countries
  1. 1Vietnam190.3%2025
  2. 2Maldives156.5%2024
  3. 3Mauritius139.9%2025
Lowest
  1. 51Turkmenistan28.2%2025
  2. 50Argentina30.4%2025
  3. 49Brazil35.3%2025
Median country 79.8% · group 48.9%
Current account53 countries
  1. 1Tuvalu40.0%2023
  2. 2Marshall Islands21.9%2024
  3. 3Samoa6.9%2025
Lowest
  1. 53Suriname-55.3%2025
  2. 52Dominica-38.0%2025
  3. 51Grenada-23.1%2025
Median country -2.5%
Merchandise exports58 countries
  1. 1China$3.8tn2025
  2. 2Mexico$665bn2025
  3. 3Vietnam$473bn2025
Lowest
  1. 58Tuvalu$0.002025
  2. 57Tonga$13.0m2025
  3. 56Samoa$24.0m2025
Median country $12.6bn · group $7.7tn
High-tech exports50 countries
  1. 1Samoa76.7%2024
  2. 2Philippines60.4%2024
  3. 3Malaysia58.6%2024
Lowest
  1. 50Belize0.0%2024
  2. 49Maldives0.0%2024
  3. 48Botswana0.5%2023
Median country 6.1% · group 23.2%
Fuel exports51 countries
  1. 1Iraq99.0%2024
  2. 2Algeria93.1%2024
  3. 3Azerbaijan85.9%2025
Lowest
  1. 51Cabo Verde0.0%2023
  2. 50Grenada0.0%2024
  3. 49Mauritius0.0%2025
Median country 3.4% · group 5.2%
Food exports51 countries
  1. 1Maldives97.0%2025
  2. 2Belize95.3%2025
  3. 3Cabo Verde86.4%2024
Lowest
  1. 51Iraq0.5%2024
  2. 50Algeria0.5%2024
  3. 49Gabon0.9%2023
Median country 21.2% · group 9.0%
Average tariff54 countries
  1. 1Equatorial Guinea18.2%2022
  2. 2Belize18.1%2022
  3. 3Gabon16.6%2022
Lowest
  1. 54Albania0.3%2022
  2. 53Georgia0.4%2022
  3. 52Peru0.7%2022
Median country 4.0%
FDI inflows58 countries
  1. 1Suriname45.4%2025
  2. 2Grenada12.0%2025
  3. 3Maldives11.1%2025
Lowest
  1. 58Botswana-3.3%2025
  2. 57Iraq-3.0%2025
  3. 56South Africa-0.5%2025
Median country 2.3% · group 1.1%
Remittances51 countries
  1. 1Tonga39.3%2025
  2. 2El Salvador27.5%2025
  3. 3Marshall Islands23.5%2024
Lowest
  1. 51Türkiye0.0%2025
  2. 50Maldives0.1%2025
  3. 49Kazakhstan0.1%2025
Median country 3.9% · group 1.0%
Tourist arrivals53 countries
  1. 1Mexico51.1m2020
  2. 2Thailand39.9m2019
  3. 3China30.4m2020
Lowest
  1. 53Tuvalu3,6002019
  2. 52Marshall Islands6,1002019
  3. 51Micronesia18,0002019
Median country 796,000 · group 573m
Tourism receipts50 countries
  1. 1Thailand$15.4bn2020
  2. 2Türkiye$13.8bn2020
  3. 3Mexico$11.4bn2020
Lowest
  1. 50Suriname$19.0m2020
  2. 49Marshall Islands$20.1m2018
  3. 48Samoa$23.1m2020
Median country $638m
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Other topics in upper-middle-income countries

Upper-middle income: overview
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