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Education · World Bank income group

Education in lower-middle-income countries: how the countries rank

School enrolment, completion, literacy and public spending on education. 12 indicators for the 47 economies in the lower-middle income group, ranked within the group; the group figure is the World Bank aggregate.

Pre-primary enrolment58.5%group, 2020 · world 60.9%Primary enrolment105.4%group, 2024 · world 102.2%Primary completion88.0%group, 2024 · world 88.0%Secondary enrolment68.0%group, 2024 · world 77.3%Lower secondary completion73.7%group, 2024 · world 77.9%Tertiary enrolment27.4%group, 2024 · world 43.6%Out-of-school children8.3%group, 2025Adult literacy78.3%group, 2024 · world 87.7%
Pre-primary enrolment
lower-middle-income countriesWorldlow-income countriesupper-middle-income countrieshigh-income countries
0%25%50%75%100%199520002005201020152020lower-middle-income countries58.5%Worldlow-income countriesupper-middle-income countrieshigh-income countries
Primary enrolment
lower-middle-income countriesWorldlow-income countriesupper-middle-income countrieshigh-income countries
0%50%100%150%199520002005201020152020lower-middle-income countries105.4%Worldlow-income countriesupper-middle-income countrieshigh-income countries
countries

All 47 economies, education

Latest value and rank within the group (small figure). Click a column to sort; the country name opens its education profile.

47 shown
CountryPre-primary enrolmentPrimary enrolmentPrimary completionSecondary enrolmentLower secondary completionTertiary enrolmentOut-of-school childrenAdult literacy
Ghana116.1%#1 · 2020101.0%#21 · 202497.5%#6 · 202475.7%#17 · 202485.1%#10 · 202421.3%#16 · 20244.8%#26 · 202476.5%#24 · 2021
Vanuatu102.6%#2 · 2020112.5%#13 · 2024113.4%#1 · 2024134.7%#1 · 202364.6%#20 · 2024—2.5%#34 · 202488.0%#14 · 2023
Nepal93.7%#3 · 2022128.6%#1 · 2025109.4%#2 · 202590.4%#6 · 202498.2%#2 · 202521.3%#17 · 20240.8%#37 · 202568.7%#33 · 2019
Solomon Islands93.3%#4 · 201981.8%#40 · 202470.5%#33 · 2024—57.8%#22 · 2023—30.1%#4 · 2024—
Kiribati88.8%#5 · 202095.3%#28 · 202492.8%#12 · 202490.3%#7 · 202496.0%#4 · 20245.0%#35 · 20248.7%#22 · 202498.6%#4 · 2020
Pakistan82.6%#6 · 201983.7%#39 · 202474.1%#28 · 202448.3%#30 · 202455.8%#25 · 202410.9%#27 · 202417.9%#10 · 202458.9%#39 · 2021
Bolivia78.5%#7 · 202093.7%#29 · 202491.0%#16 · 202490.5%#5 · 202488.5%#7 · 2024—9.3%#21 · 202496.7%#7 · 2024
Tanzania77.3%#8 · 202192.7%#33 · 202477.3%#26 · 202428.2%#36 · 202134.2%#37 · 20244.0%#36 · 202416.4%#12 · 202478.2%#22 · 2022
Zimbabwe74.3%#9 · 202193.1%#32 · 202486.0%#20 · 2024—65.6%#19 · 20247.7%#33 · 202410.5%#16 · 202493.2%#9 · 2019
Venezuela69.5%#10 · 2017113.7%#12 · 2024103.0%#4 · 202497.8%#3 · 202483.2%#12 · 2024—0.6%#40 · 202397.2%#6 · 2017
Nicaragua69.0%#11 · 2020109.5%#15 · 202381.7%#24 · 202270.2%#18 · 2023—30.4%#11 · 20236.7%#24 · 202387.3%#17 · 2014
Kenya65.1%#12 · 201998.2%#24 · 2023—84.3%#14 · 2023101.2%#1 · 202310.4%#28 · 202432.9%#2 · 2022—
Morocco59.9%#13 · 2021116.6%#6 · 2024106.4%#3 · 202490.0%#8 · 202477.2%#14 · 202448.2%#4 · 20240.5%#41 · 202164.3%#37 · 2014
Bhutan51.9%#14 · 2021114.9%#9 · 202486.5%#19 · 202486.2%#11 · 202456.6%#24 · 202413.0%#24 · 202410.5%#17 · 202464.9%#36 · 2022
India51.7%#15 · 2021111.0%#14 · 202590.3%#17 · 202579.6%#16 · 202588.0%#9 · 202534.4%#9 · 20250.1%#42 · 202578.2%#23 · 2024
West Bank and Gaza49.5%#16 · 202191.4%#34 · 202391.2%#14 · 202389.1%#9 · 202391.2%#6 · 202344.5%#5 · 20239.6%#20 · 202397.9%#5 · 2024
Laos49.3%#17 · 202193.1%#31 · 202585.2%#21 · 202550.5%#29 · 202549.3%#28 · 202514.9%#23 · 202310.4%#18 · 202575.6%#25 · 2023
Papua New Guinea45.8%#18 · 2018121.1%#2 · 202382.7%#23 · 202352.1%#26 · 202341.9%#32 · 2023—4.0%#27 · 202187.0%#18 · 2022
Uzbekistan44.0%#19 · 2021120.9%#3 · 202583.6%#22 · 202598.1%#2 · 202597.6%#3 · 202559.8%#1 · 20250.7%#38 · 2025100.0%#1 · 2022
Kyrgyzstan38.5%#20 · 202199.0%#23 · 202595.3%#7 · 202591.7%#4 · 202593.7%#5 · 202553.9%#3 · 20253.0%#33 · 202599.2%#3 · 2009
Namibia36.5%#21 · 2021120.7%#4 · 202488.6%#18 · 202482.0%#15 · 202471.9%#16 · 202426.1%#12 · 20220.9%#36 · 202487.6%#15 · 2023
Bangladesh36.4%#22 · 2021106.5%#18 · 202494.3%#8 · 202464.3%#20 · 202473.8%#15 · 202423.7%#13 · 20245.9%#25 · 202479.0%#21 · 2022
Cameroon35.6%#23 · 2019114.4%#10 · 202475.3%#27 · 202444.8%#32 · 202335.0%#35 · 202316.7%#20 · 20243.8%#29 · 202472.6%#28 · 2018
Honduras33.8%#24 · 202179.0%#43 · 202472.0%#31 · 202451.8%#27 · 202436.6%#34 · 202423.3%#14 · 202426.6%#5 · 202488.2%#13 · 2024
Cambodia33.6%#25 · 2021109.0%#16 · 202491.0%#15 · 202458.8%#23 · 202461.6%#21 · 202421.4%#15 · 20243.7%#30 · 202471.9%#29 · 2021
Lesotho33.0%#26 · 201980.2%#42 · 202467.0%#35 · 2023—45.0%#29 · 20249.9%#32 · 201832.2%#3 · 202490.4%#12 · 2024
Egypt29.3%#27 · 201996.7%#26 · 202498.2%#5 · 202484.8%#12 · 202483.9%#11 · 202438.0%#7 · 20253.5%#32 · 202479.5%#20 · 2022
Togo29.2%#28 · 2021114.3%#11 · 202491.2%#13 · 202463.4%#22 · 202356.6%#23 · 202414.9%#22 · 20200.6%#39 · 202472.6%#27 · 2022
Timor-Leste27.9%#29 · 2020119.7%#5 · 202393.2%#11 · 202384.7%#13 · 202088.3%#8 · 202031.0%#10 · 20236.9%#23 · 202369.4%#32 · 2022
Nigeria23.5%#30 · 201889.6%#35 · 2023—46.9%#31 · 2023——24.3%#7 · 202370.4%#31 · 2024
Benin23.1%#31 · 2021108.0%#17 · 202261.6%#37 · 202243.6%#34 · 202227.9%#38 · 202210.2%#30 · 20229.6%#19 · 202251.4%#40 · 2022
Comoros21.8%#32 · 201897.0%#25 · 202472.7%#30 · 202454.8%#25 · 202244.1%#30 · 202418.8%#19 · 201720.6%#9 · 202475.6%#26 · 2021
Guinea19.7%#33 · 2021100.5%#22 · 202059.9%#38 · 2020—34.5%#36 · 2020—14.7%#13 · 202039.6%#43 · 2018
Senegal17.6%#34 · 202185.3%#38 · 202462.9%#36 · 202444.1%#33 · 202338.7%#33 · 202415.3%#21 · 202424.5%#6 · 202450.4%#41 · 2023
Republic of the Congo14.3%#35 · 201887.9%#36 · 202371.1%#32 · 2023——10.4%#29 · 202317.1%#11 · 2023—
Djibouti11.6%#36 · 2021———————
Côte d'Ivoire10.7%#37 · 202293.3%#30 · 202480.2%#25 · 202465.3%#19 · 202470.8%#17 · 202412.3%#26 · 202412.6%#14 · 202450.0%#42 · 2021
Tajikistan9.9%#38 · 201795.8%#27 · 2024—86.9%#10 · 2024—35.6%#8 · 2024—99.7%#2 · 2009
Zambia8.7%#39 · 2017115.6%#8 · 2024—56.8%#24 · 2024——3.5%#31 · 202471.8%#30 · 2024
Myanmar8.5%#40 · 2018————20.4%#18 · 2018—93.5%#8 · 2020
Angola—86.7%#37 · 202347.9%#39 · 202351.5%#28 · 202342.1%#31 · 202310.0%#31 · 202436.8%#1 · 202368.2%#34 · 2023
Eswatini—116.5%#7 · 202393.6%#10 · 2023—67.6%#18 · 2023—3.8%#28 · 202290.8%#11 · 2022
Haiti———————68.0%#35 · 2017
Lebanon—81.8%#41 · 202467.3%#34 · 202363.8%#21 · 202452.9%#26 · 202354.4%#2 · 202322.5%#8 · 202492.0%#10 · 2019
Mauritania—105.4%#19 · 202473.4%#29 · 202036.0%#35 · 202049.8%#27 · 20206.0%#34 · 202011.3%#15 · 202459.5%#38 · 2020
São Tomé and Príncipe—————12.8%#25 · 2015—87.4%#16 · 2019
Tunisia—104.4%#20 · 202393.6%#9 · 2021—82.4%#13 · 202138.1%#6 · 20231.1%#35 · 202386.2%#19 · 2023
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)Ranks count group members with a value in the recent window.
within the group

Highest and lowest, indicator by indicator

Pre-primary enrolment40 countries
  1. 1Ghana116.1%2020
  2. 2Vanuatu102.6%2020
  3. 3Nepal93.7%2022
Lowest
  1. 40Myanmar8.5%2018
  2. 39Zambia8.7%2017
  3. 38Tajikistan9.9%2017
Median country 37.5% · group 58.5%
Primary enrolment43 countries
  1. 1Nepal128.6%2025
  2. 2Papua New Guinea121.1%2023
  3. 3Uzbekistan120.9%2025
Lowest
  1. 43Honduras79.0%2024
  2. 42Lesotho80.2%2024
  3. 41Lebanon81.8%2024
Median country 100.5% · group 105.4%
Primary completion39 countries
  1. 1Vanuatu113.4%2024
  2. 2Nepal109.4%2025
  3. 3Morocco106.4%2024
Lowest
  1. 39Angola47.9%2023
  2. 38Guinea59.9%2020
  3. 37Benin61.6%2022
Median country 86.0% · group 88.0%
Secondary enrolment36 countries
  1. 1Vanuatu134.7%2023
  2. 2Uzbekistan98.1%2025
  3. 3Venezuela97.8%2024
Lowest
  1. 36Tanzania28.2%2021
  2. 35Mauritania36.0%2020
  3. 34Benin43.6%2022
Median country 67.7% · group 68.0%
Lower secondary completion38 countries
  1. 1Kenya101.2%2023
  2. 2Nepal98.2%2025
  3. 3Uzbekistan97.6%2025
Lowest
  1. 38Benin27.9%2022
  2. 37Tanzania34.2%2024
  3. 36Guinea34.5%2020
Median country 65.1% · group 73.7%
Tertiary enrolment36 countries
  1. 1Uzbekistan59.8%2025
  2. 2Lebanon54.4%2023
  3. 3Kyrgyzstan53.9%2025
Lowest
  1. 36Tanzania4.0%2024
  2. 35Kiribati5.0%2024
  3. 34Mauritania6.0%2020
Median country 19.6% · group 27.4%
Out-of-school children42 countries
  1. 1Angola36.8%2023
  2. 2Kenya32.9%2022
  3. 3Lesotho32.2%2024
Lowest
  1. 42India0.1%2025
  2. 41Morocco0.5%2021
  3. 40Venezuela0.6%2023
Median country 9.0% · group 8.3%
Adult literacy43 countries
  1. 1Uzbekistan100.0%2022
  2. 2Tajikistan99.7%2009
  3. 3Kyrgyzstan99.2%2009
Lowest
  1. 43Guinea39.6%2018
  2. 42Côte d'Ivoire50.0%2021
  3. 41Senegal50.4%2023
Median country 78.2% · group 78.3%
Youth literacy45 countries
  1. 1Uzbekistan100.0%2022
  2. 2Bolivia99.8%2024
  3. 3Kyrgyzstan99.8%2009
Lowest
  1. 45Guinea53.9%2018
  2. 44Côte d'Ivoire66.8%2021
  3. 43Senegal67.4%2023
Median country 92.5% · group 91.9%
Pupils per teacher41 countries
  1. 1Tanzania50.62018
  2. 2Angola50.02015
  3. 3Guinea47.12016
Lowest
  1. 41Lebanon12.52017
  2. 40Tunisia16.92018
  3. 39Bolivia17.82018
Median country 28.1 · group 28.9
Education spending43 countries
  1. 1Kiribati16.4%2023
  2. 2Namibia9.1%2024
  3. 3Solomon Islands8.3%2023
Lowest
  1. 43Nigeria0.3%2023
  2. 42Zimbabwe0.4%2023
  3. 41Papua New Guinea0.8%2023
Median country 4.1% · group 3.4%
Education, % of budget42 countries
  1. 1Mauritania31.9%2024
  2. 2Kenya28.5%2025
  3. 3Solomon Islands25.2%2024
Lowest
  1. 42Nigeria3.0%2024
  2. 41Papua New Guinea3.5%2023
  3. 40Timor-Leste4.3%2025
Median country 14.3% · group 13.6%
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Other topics in lower-middle-income countries

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