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Environment · World Bank income group
Environment in upper-middle-income countries: how the countries rank
Emissions, renewable energy, forests, farmland and water use. 15 indicators for the 59 economies in the upper-middle income group, ranked within the group; the group figure is the World Bank aggregate.
CO₂ per person6.38 tgroup, 2024 · world 4.69 tGHG per person8.33 tgroup, 2024 · world 6.36 tGHG emissions25,498.1 Mtgroup, 2024 · world 53,206.4 MtCO₂ emissions19,521.7 Mtgroup, 2024 · world 39,632.7 MtMethane4,229.1 Mtgroup, 2024 · world 9,536.5 MtRenewable energy16.8%group, 2020 · world 19.7%Renewable power29.3%group, 2021 · world 27.8%PM2.5 exposure26.7 µg/m³group, 2023 · world 32.9 µg/m³
CO₂ per person
upper-middle-income countriesWorldlow-income countrieslower-middle-income countrieshigh-income countries
GHG per person
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countries
All 59 economies, environment
Latest value and rank within the group (small figure). Click a column to sort; the country name opens its environment profile.
59 shown
| Country | CO₂ per person | GHG per person | GHG emissions | CO₂ emissions | Methane | Renewable energy | Renewable power | PM2.5 exposure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | 12.57 t#1 · 2024 | 16.04 t#2 · 2024 | 330.4 Mt#13 · 2024 | 258.8 Mt#11 · 2024 | 57.3 Mt#16 · 2024 | 2.0%#51 · 2021 | 11.0%#38 · 2021 | 19.6 µg/m³#26 · 2023 |
| Turkmenistan | 10.86 t#2 · 2024 | 15.32 t#3 · 2024 | 114.8 Mt#18 · 2024 | 81.4 Mt#18 · 2024 | 27.2 Mt#19 · 2024 | 0.1%#58 · 2021 | 0.0%#57 · 2021 | 31.2 µg/m³#8 · 2023 |
| China | 9.32 t#3 · 2024 | 11.03 t#6 · 2024 | 15,536.1 Mt#1 · 2024 | 13,124.7 Mt#1 · 2024 | 1,485.3 Mt#1 · 2024 | 15.2%#27 · 2021 | 28.4%#21 · 2021 | 32.0 µg/m³#6 · 2023 |
| Iran | 9.05 t#4 · 2024 | 11.52 t#5 · 2024 | 1,054.8 Mt#4 · 2024 | 829.0 Mt#2 · 2024 | 175.7 Mt#4 · 2024 | 0.9%#56 · 2021 | 4.2%#48 · 2021 | 40.2 µg/m³#4 · 2023 |
| Libya | 8.66 t#5 · 2024 | 13.30 t#4 · 2024 | 98.2 Mt#21 · 2024 | 64.0 Mt#20 · 2024 | 27.4 Mt#18 · 2024 | 3.1%#48 · 2021 | 0.0%#56 · 2021 | 20.0 µg/m³#25 · 2023 |
| Malaysia | 8.32 t#6 · 2024 | 9.34 t#8 · 2024 | 332.2 Mt#12 · 2024 | 296.0 Mt#9 · 2024 | 26.3 Mt#21 · 2024 | 7.5%#44 · 2021 | 17.0%#31 · 2021 | 15.9 µg/m³#35 · 2023 |
| Mongolia | 7.85 t#7 · 2024 | 29.61 t#1 · 2024 | 104.4 Mt#19 · 2024 | 27.7 Mt#25 · 2024 | 64.5 Mt#14 · 2024 | 3.0%#49 · 2021 | 10.9%#39 · 2021 | 42.7 µg/m³#2 · 2023 |
| South Africa | 6.88 t#8 · 2024 | 8.90 t#10 · 2024 | 569.8 Mt#8 · 2024 | 440.2 Mt#7 · 2024 | 93.2 Mt#10 · 2024 | 9.7%#37 · 2021 | 6.4%#42 · 2021 | 27.7 µg/m³#13 · 2023 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 6.45 t#9 · 2024 | 8.73 t#11 · 2024 | 27.6 Mt#31 · 2024 | 20.4 Mt#29 · 2024 | 5.4 Mt#32 · 2024 | 36.6%#8 · 2021 | 39.3%#15 · 2021 | 26.1 µg/m³#15 · 2023 |
| Belarus | 5.94 t#10 · 2024 | 9.58 t#7 · 2024 | 87.5 Mt#22 · 2024 | 54.2 Mt#21 · 2024 | 18.4 Mt#24 · 2024 | 8.2%#43 · 2021 | 3.1%#50 · 2021 | 12.0 µg/m³#46 · 2023 |
| Türkiye | 5.38 t#11 · 2024 | 6.78 t#14 · 2024 | 579.5 Mt#7 · 2024 | 460.0 Mt#6 · 2024 | 78.6 Mt#12 · 2024 | 12.0%#32 · 2021 | 35.4%#16 · 2021 | 26.4 µg/m³#14 · 2023 |
| Iraq | 5.18 t#12 · 2024 | 8.98 t#9 · 2024 | 413.3 Mt#10 · 2024 | 238.7 Mt#12 · 2024 | 163.2 Mt#5 · 2024 | 1.1%#55 · 2021 | 3.8%#49 · 2021 | 49.5 µg/m³#1 · 2023 |
| Vietnam | 4.27 t#13 · 2024 | 5.79 t#18 · 2024 | 584.3 Mt#6 · 2024 | 430.8 Mt#8 · 2024 | 116.5 Mt#8 · 2024 | 24.2%#18 · 2021 | 41.2%#14 · 2021 | 24.8 µg/m³#16 · 2023 |
| Suriname | 4.06 t#14 · 2024 | 5.78 t#19 · 2024 | 3.7 Mt#43 · 2024 | 2.6 Mt#43 · 2024 | 0.9 Mt#41 · 2024 | 14.5%#29 · 2021 | 41.9%#13 · 2021 | 15.7 µg/m³#36 · 2023 |
| Argentina | 4.01 t#15 · 2024 | 8.19 t#13 · 2024 | 374.3 Mt#11 · 2024 | 183.3 Mt#14 · 2024 | 136.7 Mt#7 · 2024 | 9.2%#38 · 2021 | 25.5%#22 · 2021 | 14.3 µg/m³#41 · 2023 |
| North Macedonia | 4.00 t#16 · 2024 | 5.38 t#22 · 2024 | 9.8 Mt#38 · 2024 | 7.3 Mt#37 · 2024 | 1.3 Mt#40 · 2024 | 19.5%#24 · 2021 | 31.0%#19 · 2021 | 21.8 µg/m³#21 · 2023 |
| Algeria | 3.98 t#17 · 2024 | 5.40 t#21 · 2024 | 252.7 Mt#15 · 2024 | 186.4 Mt#13 · 2024 | 56.3 Mt#17 · 2024 | 0.1%#57 · 2021 | 0.9%#54 · 2021 | 16.5 µg/m³#34 · 2023 |
| Thailand | 3.96 t#18 · 2024 | 5.89 t#17 · 2024 | 422.4 Mt#9 · 2024 | 283.8 Mt#10 · 2024 | 81.1 Mt#11 · 2024 | 19.0%#25 · 2021 | 19.9%#28 · 2021 | 23.5 µg/m³#18 · 2023 |
| Azerbaijan | 3.81 t#19 · 2024 | 5.71 t#20 · 2024 | 58.3 Mt#24 · 2024 | 38.9 Mt#23 · 2024 | 15.0 Mt#26 · 2024 | 1.3%#53 · 2021 | 5.8%#45 · 2021 | 23.7 µg/m³#17 · 2023 |
| Mexico | 3.64 t#20 · 2024 | 5.25 t#23 · 2024 | 686.8 Mt#5 · 2024 | 476.0 Mt#5 · 2024 | 150.7 Mt#6 · 2024 | 13.0%#30 · 2021 | 23.4%#24 · 2021 | 16.6 µg/m³#33 · 2023 |
| Maldives | 3.57 t#21 · 2024 | 3.97 t#34 · 2024 | 2.1 Mt#45 · 2024 | 1.9 Mt#44 · 2024 | 0.2 Mt#47 · 2024 | 1.2%#54 · 2022 | 5.8%#44 · 2021 | 11.2 µg/m³#48 · 2023 |
| Mauritius | 3.54 t#22 · 2024 | 5.19 t#25 · 2024 | 6.5 Mt#42 · 2024 | 4.4 Mt#41 · 2024 | 0.6 Mt#44 · 2024 | 8.6%#42 · 2021 | 21.7%#26 · 2021 | 14.1 µg/m³#42 · 2023 |
| Georgia | 3.53 t#23 · 2024 | 5.14 t#26 · 2024 | 19.6 Mt#33 · 2024 | 13.5 Mt#31 · 2024 | 4.3 Mt#33 · 2024 | 25.2%#17 · 2021 | 81.4%#3 · 2021 | 18.6 µg/m³#29 · 2023 |
| Moldova | 3.42 t#24 · 2024 | 4.85 t#27 · 2024 | 11.7 Mt#36 · 2024 | 8.2 Mt#33 · 2024 | 2.2 Mt#38 · 2024 | 21.4%#21 · 2021 | 6.5%#41 · 2021 | 14.9 µg/m³#39 · 2023 |
| Ukraine | 3.13 t#25 · 2024 | 5.20 t#24 · 2024 | 197.0 Mt#17 · 2024 | 118.5 Mt#16 · 2024 | 60.7 Mt#15 · 2024 | 8.9%#41 · 2021 | 12.0%#37 · 2021 | 14.9 µg/m³#40 · 2023 |
| Dominican Republic | 2.99 t#26 · 2024 | 4.51 t#30 · 2024 | 51.6 Mt#25 · 2024 | 34.2 Mt#24 · 2024 | 12.2 Mt#28 · 2024 | 14.8%#28 · 2021 | 17.1%#30 · 2021 | 13.5 µg/m³#43 · 2023 |
| Indonesia | 2.87 t#27 · 2024 | 4.67 t#29 · 2024 | 1,323.8 Mt#2 · 2024 | 812.2 Mt#3 · 2024 | 429.5 Mt#3 · 2024 | 20.2%#23 · 2021 | 15.5%#33 · 2021 | 20.8 µg/m³#23 · 2023 |
| Jamaica | 2.84 t#28 · 2024 | 3.32 t#36 · 2024 | 9.4 Mt#39 · 2024 | 8.1 Mt#34 · 2024 | 0.8 Mt#42 · 2024 | 10.5%#34 · 2021 | 12.8%#36 · 2021 | 21.7 µg/m³#22 · 2023 |
| Botswana | 2.74 t#29 · 2024 | 4.80 t#28 · 2024 | 12.1 Mt#35 · 2024 | 6.9 Mt#38 · 2024 | 3.4 Mt#35 · 2024 | 27.4%#15 · 2021 | 0.2%#55 · 2021 | 13.2 µg/m³#45 · 2023 |
| Ecuador | 2.64 t#30 · 2024 | 4.10 t#33 · 2024 | 74.4 Mt#23 · 2024 | 48.0 Mt#22 · 2024 | 21.7 Mt#23 · 2024 | 18.9%#26 · 2021 | 80.9%#4 · 2021 | 18.6 µg/m³#28 · 2023 |
| Equatorial Guinea | 2.55 t#31 · 2024 | 4.30 t#31 · 2024 | 8.1 Mt#40 · 2024 | 4.8 Mt#40 · 2024 | 3.0 Mt#36 · 2024 | 4.2%#47 · 2022 | 8.8%#40 · 2021 | 42.2 µg/m³#3 · 2023 |
| Armenia | 2.47 t#32 · 2024 | 3.55 t#35 · 2024 | 10.8 Mt#37 · 2024 | 7.5 Mt#36 · 2024 | 2.5 Mt#37 · 2024 | 9.1%#39 · 2021 | 30.0%#20 · 2021 | 28.6 µg/m³#12 · 2023 |
| Brazil | 2.32 t#33 · 2024 | 6.13 t#15 · 2024 | 1,299.2 Mt#3 · 2024 | 491.5 Mt#4 · 2024 | 621.2 Mt#2 · 2024 | 46.5%#5 · 2021 | 77.4%#5 · 2021 | 13.4 µg/m³#44 · 2023 |
| Jordan | 2.09 t#34 · 2024 | 3.02 t#39 · 2024 | 34.9 Mt#30 · 2024 | 24.1 Mt#26 · 2024 | 6.2 Mt#31 · 2024 | 11.5%#33 · 2021 | 24.9%#23 · 2021 | 32.6 µg/m³#5 · 2023 |
| Gabon | 2.05 t#35 · 2024 | 8.58 t#12 · 2024 | 21.8 Mt#32 · 2024 | 5.2 Mt#39 · 2024 | 14.9 Mt#27 · 2024 | 91.3%#1 · 2021 | 33.0%#18 · 2021 | 31.3 µg/m³#7 · 2023 |
| Peru | 2.02 t#36 · 2024 | 3.03 t#38 · 2024 | 103.8 Mt#20 · 2024 | 69.3 Mt#19 · 2024 | 25.8 Mt#22 · 2024 | 30.6%#11 · 2021 | 61.8%#7 · 2021 | 31.1 µg/m³#9 · 2023 |
| Cuba | 1.91 t#37 · 2024 | 3.28 t#37 · 2024 | 36.0 Mt#29 · 2024 | 21.0 Mt#28 · 2024 | 11.8 Mt#29 · 2024 | 20.9%#22 · 2021 | 4.8%#47 · 2021 | 9.4 µg/m³#52 · 2023 |
| Colombia | 1.80 t#38 · 2024 | 4.11 t#32 · 2024 | 217.6 Mt#16 · 2024 | 95.1 Mt#17 · 2024 | 94.7 Mt#9 · 2024 | 29.7%#12 · 2021 | 76.2%#6 · 2021 | 18.4 µg/m³#31 · 2023 |
| Albania | 1.79 t#39 · 2024 | 3.00 t#40 · 2024 | 7.1 Mt#41 · 2024 | 4.2 Mt#42 · 2024 | 1.9 Mt#39 · 2024 | 41.9%#6 · 2021 | — | 15.5 µg/m³#37 · 2023 |
| Saint Lucia | 1.71 t#40 · 2024 | 2.61 t#43 · 2024 | 0.5 Mt#49 · 2024 | 0.3 Mt#49 · 2024 | 0.1 Mt#50 · 2024 | 9.7%#36 · 2022 | 2.5%#51 · 2021 | 10.4 µg/m³#51 · 2023 |
| Tonga | 1.63 t#41 · 2024 | 2.81 t#42 · 2024 | 0.3 Mt#50 · 2024 | 0.2 Mt#51 · 2024 | 0.1 Mt#49 · 2024 | 2.3%#50 · 2022 | 14.2%#35 · 2021 | 4.7 µg/m³#55 · 2023 |
| Fiji | 1.62 t#42 · 2024 | 2.96 t#41 · 2024 | 2.8 Mt#44 · 2024 | 1.5 Mt#45 · 2024 | 0.8 Mt#43 · 2024 | 28.4%#13 · 2022 | 60.1%#10 · 2021 | 6.4 µg/m³#53 · 2023 |
| Samoa | 1.60 t#43 · 2024 | 2.39 t#45 · 2024 | 0.5 Mt#48 · 2024 | 0.3 Mt#48 · 2024 | 0.1 Mt#48 · 2024 | 35.9%#9 · 2022 | 49.1%#12 · 2021 | 4.6 µg/m³#56 · 2023 |
| El Salvador | 1.51 t#44 · 2024 | 2.33 t#47 · 2024 | 14.8 Mt#34 · 2024 | 9.5 Mt#32 · 2024 | 3.8 Mt#34 · 2024 | 21.9%#19 · 2021 | 95.6%#1 · 2021 | 29.6 µg/m³#11 · 2023 |
| Philippines | 1.50 t#45 · 2024 | 2.30 t#49 · 2024 | 266.6 Mt#14 · 2024 | 174.1 Mt#15 · 2024 | 69.3 Mt#13 · 2024 | 28.0%#14 · 2021 | 22.6%#25 · 2021 | 22.2 µg/m³#20 · 2023 |
| Grenada | 1.50 t#46 · 2024 | 2.06 t#50 · 2024 | 0.2 Mt#51 · 2024 | 0.2 Mt#50 · 2024 | 0.1 Mt#52 · 2024 | 10.0%#35 · 2022 | 2.0%#53 · 2021 | 11.0 µg/m³#49 · 2023 |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 1.31 t#47 · 2024 | 1.84 t#51 · 2024 | 0.2 Mt#52 · 2024 | 0.1 Mt#52 · 2024 | 0.0 Mt#54 · 2024 | 5.1%#46 · 2022 | 15.0%#34 · 2021 | 10.6 µg/m³#50 · 2023 |
| Cabo Verde | 1.29 t#48 · 2024 | 1.74 t#52 · 2024 | 0.9 Mt#47 · 2024 | 0.7 Mt#46 · 2024 | 0.2 Mt#46 · 2024 | 21.8%#20 · 2022 | 18.3%#29 · 2021 | 20.2 µg/m³#24 · 2023 |
| Dominica | 1.27 t#49 · 2024 | 2.30 t#48 · 2024 | 0.2 Mt#53 · 2024 | 0.1 Mt#53 · 2024 | 0.1 Mt#51 · 2024 | 8.9%#40 · 2022 | 20.3%#27 · 2021 | 11.5 µg/m³#47 · 2023 |
| Paraguay | 1.16 t#50 · 2024 | 5.98 t#16 · 2024 | 41.4 Mt#27 · 2024 | 8.0 Mt#35 · 2024 | 26.4 Mt#20 · 2024 | 58.8%#3 · 2021 | — | 15.3 µg/m³#38 · 2023 |
| Guatemala | 1.11 t#51 · 2024 | 2.36 t#46 · 2024 | 43.5 Mt#26 · 2024 | 20.4 Mt#30 · 2024 | 18.2 Mt#25 · 2024 | 62.1%#2 · 2021 | 60.6%#9 · 2021 | 29.7 µg/m³#10 · 2023 |
| Sri Lanka | 1.06 t#52 · 2024 | 1.70 t#53 · 2024 | 37.2 Mt#28 · 2024 | 23.3 Mt#27 · 2024 | 11.1 Mt#30 · 2024 | 48.8%#4 · 2021 | 49.2%#11 · 2021 | 22.7 µg/m³#19 · 2023 |
| Belize | 0.93 t#53 · 2024 | 2.48 t#44 · 2024 | 1.0 Mt#46 · 2024 | 0.4 Mt#47 · 2024 | 0.5 Mt#45 · 2024 | 30.8%#10 · 2022 | 92.9%#2 · 2021 | 16.8 µg/m³#32 · 2023 |
| Marshall Islands | 0.00 t#54 · 2024 | 0.11 t#56 · 2024 | 0.0 Mt#56 · 2024 | 0.0 Mt#55 · 2024 | 0.0 Mt#55 · 2024 | 12.2%#31 · 2022 | 2.4%#52 · 2021 | 4.1 µg/m³#57 · 2023 |
| Micronesia | 0.00 t#55 · 2024 | 0.54 t#54 · 2024 | 0.1 Mt#54 · 2024 | 0.0 Mt#54 · 2024 | 0.0 Mt#53 · 2024 | 2.0%#52 · 2022 | 4.9%#46 · 2021 | 3.5 µg/m³#58 · 2023 |
| Tuvalu | 0.00 t#56 · 2024 | 0.43 t#55 · 2024 | 0.0 Mt#55 · 2024 | 0.0 Mt#56 · 2024 | 0.0 Mt#56 · 2024 | 5.2%#45 · 2022 | 15.8%#32 · 2021 | 5.2 µg/m³#54 · 2023 |
| Kosovo | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6.4%#43 · 2021 | — |
| Montenegro | — | — | — | — | — | 39.6%#7 · 2021 | 61.8%#8 · 2021 | 18.5 µg/m³#30 · 2023 |
| Serbia | — | — | — | — | — | 27.2%#16 · 2021 | 35.0%#17 · 2021 | 19.3 µg/m³#27 · 2023 |
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)Ranks count group members with a value in the recent window.
within the group
Highest and lowest, indicator by indicator
CO₂ per person56 countries
- 1Kazakhstan12.57 t2024
- 2Turkmenistan10.86 t2024
- 3China9.32 t2024
Lowest
- 56Tuvalu0.00 t2024
- 55Micronesia0.00 t2024
- 54Marshall Islands0.00 t2024
Median country 2.79 t · group 6.38 t
GHG per person56 countries
- 1Mongolia29.61 t2024
- 2Kazakhstan16.04 t2024
- 3Turkmenistan15.32 t2024
Lowest
- 56Marshall Islands0.11 t2024
- 55Tuvalu0.43 t2024
- 54Micronesia0.54 t2024
Median country 4.73 t · group 8.33 t
GHG emissions56 countries
Lowest
- 56Marshall Islands0.0 Mt2024
- 55Tuvalu0.0 Mt2024
- 54Micronesia0.1 Mt2024
Median country 36.6 Mt · group 25,498.1 Mt
CO₂ emissions56 countries
Lowest
- 56Tuvalu0.0 Mt2024
- 55Marshall Islands0.0 Mt2024
- 54Micronesia0.0 Mt2024
Median country 20.7 Mt · group 19,521.7 Mt
Methane56 countries
Lowest
- 56Tuvalu0.0 Mt2024
- 55Marshall Islands0.0 Mt2024
- 54Saint Vincent and the Grenadines0.0 Mt2024
Median country 12.0 Mt · group 4,229.1 Mt
Renewable energy58 countries
Lowest
- 58Turkmenistan0.1%2021
- 57Algeria0.1%2021
- 56Iran0.9%2021
Median country 13.8% · group 16.8%
Renewable power57 countries
- 1El Salvador95.6%2021
- 2Belize92.9%2021
- 3Georgia81.4%2021
Lowest
- 57Turkmenistan0.0%2021
- 56Libya0.0%2021
- 55Botswana0.2%2021
Median country 18.3% · group 29.3%
PM2.5 exposure58 countries
- 1Iraq49.5 µg/m³2023
- 2Mongolia42.7 µg/m³2023
- 3Equatorial Guinea42.2 µg/m³2023
Lowest
- 58Micronesia3.5 µg/m³2023
- 57Marshall Islands4.1 µg/m³2023
- 56Samoa4.6 µg/m³2023
Median country 18.5 µg/m³ · group 26.7 µg/m³
Forest cover58 countries
- 1Micronesia92.1%2024
- 2Suriname91.5%2024
- 3Gabon91.4%2024
Median country 37.6% · group 29.2%
Farmland58 countries
- 1Tuvalu100.0%2024
- 2Turkmenistan84.3%2024
- 3South Africa79.4%2024
Lowest
- 58Suriname0.5%2024
- 57Equatorial Guinea3.4%2024
- 56Gabon6.9%2024
Median country 38.6% · group 42.8%
Arable land57 countries
Lowest
- 57Suriname0.3%2024
- 56Botswana0.5%2024
- 55Montenegro0.7%2024
Median country 9.9% · group 9.8%
Protected areas58 countries
- 1Armenia38.9%2025
- 2Brazil29.4%2025
- 3North Macedonia29.0%2025
Lowest
- 58Tuvalu0.0%2025
- 57Micronesia0.0%2025
- 56Mauritius0.0%2025
Median country 8.5% · group 12.8%
Water withdrawals52 countries
- 1Turkmenistan1,868.0%2022
- 2Libya817.1%2022
- 3Azerbaijan160.5%2022
Lowest
- 52Equatorial Guinea0.1%2022
- 51Gabon0.1%2022
- 50Fiji0.3%2022
Median country 13.6% · group 8.9%
Freshwater per person52 countries
Median country 3,061 m³ · group 6,090 m³
Cereal yield52 countries
- 1Saint Vincent and the Grenadines13,344 kg/ha2024
- 2Mauritius11,890 kg/ha2024
- 3China6,495 kg/ha2024
Lowest
- 52Cabo Verde40 kg/ha2024
- 51Libya660 kg/ha2024
- 50Botswana900 kg/ha2024
Median country 3,411 kg/ha · group 4,942 kg/ha
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