World 8.2bn peopleGDP $118tnLife expectancy 73.5 yrsOnline 73.6%
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Europe & Central Asia · Upper-middle income

Turkmenistan: key statistics

Turkmenistan has 7.6m people (2025) and a GDP per person of $6,540. Below: 69 indicators with the latest year, world rank and change over ten years.

Capital
Ashgabat
Region
Europe & Central Asia
Income group
Upper-middle income
Currency
Turkmenistan new manat TMT
Languages
Turkmen
ISO codes
TMTKM
Land neighbours
Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan
Population7.6m2025 · rank 103 of 217GDP$49.8bn2025 · rank 98 of 211GDP per capita$6,5402025 · rank 128 of 211Life expectancy70.2 yrs2024 · rank 153 of 217Internet users18.0%2016Fertility2.662024 · rank 69 of 217CO₂ per person10.86 t2024 · rank 18 of 203
topic profiles

Turkmenistan, topic by topic

Each profile brings together the indicators of one topic with world and regional rank, values since 2000, group averages and a comparison with neighbours.

Population12 indicatorsEconomy11 indicatorsTrade & investment5 indicatorsLabour12 indicatorsAid, poverty & equality6 indicatorsEducation11 indicatorsHealth17 indicatorsDigital & energy access12 indicatorsEnvironment15 indicators
Population
Turkmenistan
02.0m4.0m6.0m8.0m1994199920042009201420192024Turkmenistan7.6m
GDP per capita
TurkmenistanEurope & Central AsiaWorld
$0$10,000$20,000$30,000$40,0001994199920042009201420192024Turkmenistan$6,540Europe & Central AsiaWorld
Life expectancy
TurkmenistanEurope & Central AsiaWorld
60657075801994199920042009201420192024Turkmenistan70.2 yrsEurope & Central AsiaWorld
Internet users
TurkmenistanEurope & Central AsiaWorld
0%25%50%75%100%199920042009201420192024Turkmenistan18.0%Europe & Central AsiaWorld
all indicators

Turkmenistan by topic

World rank counts countries with a value in the recent window; regional rank is within Europe & Central Asia.

PopulationFull population profile

IndicatorValueYearWorld rankIn region10-year changeWorldSince 2000
Population7.6m2025103/21725/58+23%8.2bn
Population growth1.65%202564/2178/58−0.6 pp0.91%
Urban share47.1%2025156/21752/58+0.1 pp57.8%
Fertility2.66202469/2174/58−12%2.19
Aged 65+4.8%2025153/21757/58+1.2 pp10.4%
Aged 0–1431.2%202566/2174/58+1.5 pp24.4%
Density15.92024198/21652/57+23%62.1
Birth rate20.9202469/2173/58−24%16.3
Area491,209 km²202454/2169/57+0.6%140,539,257 km²

EconomyFull economy profile

IndicatorValueYearWorld rankIn region10-year changeWorldSince 2000
GDP$49.8bn202598/21135/57+39%$118tn
GDP per capita$6,5402025128/21153/57+14%$14,406
GDP per capita, PPP$22,602202599/19947/53+78%$25,704
GNI per capita$6,3402025115/20149/53+0.6%$14,244
GDP growth6.3%202531/2109/56−0.2 pp2.9%
GDP per capita growth4.6%202536/21010/56+0.5 pp2.0%
Agriculture share12.4%202560/1986/56+3.0 pp4.0%
Industry share36.0%202526/2014/57−18.3 pp25.0%
Services share48.9%2025151/20153/57+16.6 pp63.3%
Investment46.6%2009——+6.9 pp26.3%

Prices & public finance

IndicatorValueYearWorld rankIn region10-year changeWorldSince 2000
Exchange rate5,200.002001————
External debt5.2%2024116/11920/20−13.4 pp—
Military spending3.11%1999———2.48%

Trade & investmentFull trade & investment profile

IndicatorValueYearWorld rankIn region10-year changeWorldSince 2000
Exports14.5%2025165/18451/52−19.5 pp29.5%
Imports13.7%2025181/18452/52−25.6 pp28.5%
Trade openness28.2%2025178/18452/52−45.1 pp68.5%
FDI inflows1.4%2025123/19730/51−7.1 pp1.4%
Remittances0.2%1996———0.8%
Tourist arrivals380,0001998———2.4bn

LabourFull labour profile

IndicatorValueYearWorld rankIn region10-year changeWorldSince 2000
Unemployment4.3%2025116/18738/49+0.3 pp4.8%
Youth unemployment10.0%2025116/18738/49+1.1 pp13.4%
Participation rate42.0%2025173/18748/49−1.5 pp61.0%
Women's participation38.2%2025157/18747/49−1.2 pp48.9%

Aid, poverty & equalityFull aid, poverty & equality profile

IndicatorValueYearWorld rankIn region10-year changeWorldSince 2000
Net ODA received$36.4m2023131/14519/19+1.2%$259bn
ODA, % of GNI0.1%2023126/13917/18±0.0 pp0.2%
ODA per person$4.92023129/14518/19−18%$32.2
Extreme poverty35.1%1998———10.1%
Poverty, $4.20/day55.6%1998———18.2%
Gini index40.81998————
Undernourishment4.1%202493/1675/47+0.4 pp8.1%
Women in parliament25.6%202596/19038/52−0.2 pp27.2%

EducationFull education profile

IndicatorValueYearWorld rankIn region10-year changeWorldSince 2000
Adult literacy99.9%20226/1415/27+1.1 pp87.7%
Female literacy99.9%20228/1477/28+1.6 pp84.6%
Primary enrolment95.7%2024141/19149/53—102.2%
Secondary enrolment94.6%202483/17639/53—77.3%
Tertiary enrolment20.4%2024131/17252/52+13.4 pp43.6%
Primary completion98.6%202449/16820/47—88.0%
Education spending4.3%202487/18430/49+1.2 pp3.6%

HealthFull health profile

IndicatorValueYearWorld rankIn region10-year changeWorldSince 2000
Life expectancy70.2 yrs2024153/21758/58+1.7%73.5 yrs
Infant mortality30.4202446/1961/52−10%27.7
Under-5 mortality39.0202442/1961/52−9.1%37.4
Maternal mortality52023172/19435/51−29%197
Health spending5.5%2023119/19347/52+1.5 pp10.1%
Health spending per person$581202381/19342/52+71%$1,317
Physicians1.93202384/18047/50−3.5%1.86
Measles vaccination99%202418/1935/51±0.0 pp84%
Child stunting7.2%2019115/1548/28−11.7 pp—
Basic water99.9%202450/20627/56+3.5 pp91.5%
Basic sanitation99.7%202429/20312/54+2.7 pp82.2%

Digital & energy accessFull digital & energy access profile

IndicatorValueYearWorld rankIn region10-year changeWorldSince 2000
Internet users18.0%2016——+16.7 pp73.6%
Mobile subscriptions88.22021161/21054/56−5.4%111.5
Fixed broadband5.22022139/20854/55+21,546%20.1
Electricity access100.0%2024110/21553/57±0.0 pp91.9%
Clean cooking100.0%202442/19219/51±0.0 pp75.4%

EnvironmentFull environment profile

IndicatorValueYearWorld rankIn region10-year changeWorldSince 2000
CO₂ per person10.86 t202418/2034/49+4.4%4.69 t
Renewable energy0.1%2021206/21253/54±0.0 pp19.7%
Renewable power0.0%2021204/20651/51±0.0 pp27.8%
Forest cover5.0%2024180/21450/57±0.0 pp31.1%
Arable land3.5%2024151/20648/53+0.2 pp10.7%
Water withdrawals1,868.0%20223/1771/47−126.1 pp9.0%
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
head to head

Compare Turkmenistan with its neighbours

AfghanistanvsTurkmenistanIranvsTurkmenistanKazakhstanvsTurkmenistanUzbekistanvsTurkmenistan