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Prices & public finance · World Bank income group

Prices & public finance in upper-middle-income countries: how the countries rank

Inflation, interest rates, exchange rates, public debt and the reach of the state. 14 indicators for the 59 economies in the upper-middle income group, ranked within the group; the group figure is the World Bank aggregate.

Inflation3.3%group, 2025 · world 3.0%GDP deflator3.3%group, 2025 · world 3.3%Lending rate9.0%median countryReal interest rate5.3%median countryExchange rate17.38median countryTax revenue10.4%group, 2024 · world 13.9%Government revenue18.5%group, 2024 · world 24.0%Government expense27.1%median country · world 28.5%
Inflation
upper-middle-income countriesWorldlow-income countrieslower-middle-income countrieshigh-income countries
0%5.0%10%15%20%1995200020052010201520202025upper-middle-income countries3.3%Worldlow-income countrieslower-middle-income countrieshigh-income countries
GDP deflator
upper-middle-income countriesWorldlow-income countrieslower-middle-income countrieshigh-income countries
0%5.0%10%15%1995200020052010201520202025upper-middle-income countries3.3%Worldlow-income countrieslower-middle-income countrieshigh-income countries
countries

All 59 economies, prices & public finance

Latest value and rank within the group (small figure). Click a column to sort; the country name opens its prices & public finance profile.

59 shown
CountryInflationGDP deflatorLending rateReal interest rateExchange rateTax revenueGovernment revenueGovernment expense
Argentina219.9%#1 · 202439.1%#1 · 202546.0%#1 · 20255.0%#27 · 20251,240.85#8 · 202510.4%#37 · 202416.9%#36 · 202421.0%#31 · 2023
Iran42.2%#2 · 202528.8%#4 · 202518.0%#4 · 20163.4%#37 · 201642,000.00#1 · 2023———
Türkiye34.9%#3 · 202536.4%#2 · 2025——39.45#24 · 202517.6%#19 · 202431.5%#7 · 202433.0%#10 · 2023
Ukraine12.7%#4 · 202514.5%#5 · 202519.7%#3 · 20254.6%#29 · 202541.69#23 · 202521.0%#10 · 202433.7%#5 · 202465.6%#1 · 2023
Kazakhstan11.4%#5 · 20259.6%#8 · 2025——521.03#11 · 202511.9%#34 · 202316.5%#39 · 202317.4%#37 · 2023
Suriname9.2%#6 · 202513.0%#6 · 202514.5%#9 · 20251.3%#43 · 202537.26#25 · 2025———
Mongolia8.6%#7 · 20254.4%#23 · 202516.0%#5 · 20211.4%#42 · 20213,545.14#6 · 202516.9%#22 · 202431.6%#6 · 202431.7%#12 · 2021
Moldova7.8%#8 · 20256.6%#9 · 20259.0%#24 · 20252.3%#38 · 202517.38#29 · 202518.8%#15 · 202430.6%#12 · 202434.5%#6 · 2023
Belarus6.6%#9 · 202510.9%#7 · 202510.9%#20 · 20250.0%#46 · 20253.07#38 · 202513.0%#32 · 202428.1%#16 · 202428.5%#17 · 2023
Azerbaijan5.6%#10 · 20250.6%#52 · 202515.3%#7 · 202514.7%#3 · 20251.70#49 · 202517.3%#20 · 202438.9%#1 · 202423.0%#28 · 2022
Tonga5.6%#11 · 20253.0%#35 · 20257.6%#32 · 20254.5%#30 · 20252.41#45 · 202520.5%#12 · 202322.6%#28 · 202334.7%#5 · 2023
Micronesia5.4%#12 · 20223.2%#32 · 202512.6%#13 · 202110.6%#5 · 20211.00#54 · 20257.0%#40 · 202029.7%#13 · 202023.4%#27 · 2020
Colombia5.1%#13 · 20255.4%#15 · 202514.3%#10 · 20258.4%#9 · 20254,053.14#5 · 202515.2%#26 · 202425.8%#24 · 202433.3%#9 · 2023
Brazil5.0%#14 · 20255.7%#12 · 202545.3%#2 · 202537.5%#2 · 20255.59#34 · 202515.4%#25 · 202426.4%#22 · 202432.4%#11 · 2023
North Macedonia4.1%#15 · 20254.6%#20 · 20255.4%#42 · 20250.8%#45 · 202554.65#21 · 202518.8%#16 · 202430.9%#10 · 202433.4%#8 · 2023
Paraguay4.0%#16 · 20253.1%#33 · 202512.5%#15 · 20213.8%#34 · 20217,545.45#4 · 202511.3%#36 · 202418.7%#34 · 202418.9%#34 · 2023
Maldives4.0%#17 · 20253.3%#31 · 202511.6%#18 · 20258.1%#10 · 202515.42#30 · 202519.5%#14 · 202124.8%#25 · 202129.5%#15 · 2021
Jamaica4.0%#18 · 20254.8%#17 · 202512.1%#17 · 20257.0%#17 · 2025159.10#14 · 202523.7%#6 · 202026.9%#19 · 202027.5%#21 · 2020
Bosnia and Herzegovina4.0%#19 · 20253.0%#34 · 20254.1%#47 · 20251.1%#44 · 20251.74#48 · 202520.2%#13 · 202437.6%#4 · 202435.3%#4 · 2023
Montenegro3.9%#20 · 20254.0%#24 · 20256.3%#38 · 20252.2%#39 · 20250.89#56 · 2025———
Serbia3.9%#21 · 20254.5%#21 · 2025——103.98#16 · 202523.9%#5 · 202238.6%#2 · 202235.5%#3 · 2022
Dominican Republic3.9%#22 · 20254.5%#22 · 202515.3%#8 · 202410.5%#6 · 202461.99#19 · 202514.7%#29 · 202417.5%#35 · 202418.1%#35 · 2023
Georgia3.9%#23 · 20254.6%#18 · 202515.9%#6 · 202510.8%#4 · 20252.74#40 · 202524.3%#2 · 202428.7%#15 · 202425.2%#26 · 2023
Kosovo3.9%#24 · 20252.8%#36 · 20256.7%#36 · 20185.1%#26 · 20180.89#55 · 2025———
Mexico3.8%#25 · 20254.6%#19 · 20258.8%#25 · 20254.0%#33 · 202519.24#27 · 202514.8%#28 · 202419.4%#33 · 202422.5%#30 · 2023
Mauritius3.7%#26 · 20253.9%#25 · 20259.0%#23 · 20254.9%#28 · 202546.00#22 · 202520.5%#11 · 202424.7%#26 · 202429.1%#16 · 2023
Vietnam3.3%#27 · 20253.3%#30 · 20259.3%#22 · 20237.0%#16 · 202324,164.89#2 · 2024———
Armenia3.3%#28 · 20253.6%#28 · 202513.8%#11 · 20259.9%#7 · 2025387.01#12 · 202522.4%#8 · 202424.1%#27 · 202420.9%#32 · 2023
South Africa3.2%#29 · 20252.8%#37 · 202510.7%#21 · 20257.7%#12 · 202517.89#28 · 202525.9%#1 · 202429.4%#14 · 202433.4%#7 · 2022
Equatorial Guinea2.9%#30 · 2024-1.4%#56 · 2025——581.93#9 · 20256.6%#42 · 202226.4%#21 · 202211.0%#42 · 2022
Botswana2.7%#31 · 20253.6%#27 · 20256.3%#39 · 20244.2%#31 · 202413.50#31 · 202522.4%#7 · 202328.1%#17 · 202326.5%#23 · 2024
Dominica2.5%#32 · 20252.0%#42 · 20255.8%#41 · 20253.7%#35 · 20252.70#41 · 2025———
Cabo Verde2.3%#33 · 20251.7%#44 · 20257.7%#31 · 20255.9%#22 · 202597.86#17 · 202518.4%#17 · 202021.6%#29 · 202030.9%#13 · 2020
Samoa2.2%#34 · 20256.2%#10 · 20258.4%#28 · 20252.1%#40 · 20252.79#39 · 202524.0%#3 · 202330.7%#11 · 202326.7%#22 · 2023
Albania2.1%#35 · 20251.4%#46 · 20256.4%#37 · 20244.0%#32 · 202486.80#18 · 202518.0%#18 · 202426.1%#23 · 202425.4%#25 · 2023
Saint Lucia2.0%#36 · 20252.6%#38 · 20256.3%#40 · 20253.6%#36 · 20252.70#43 · 2025———
Indonesia1.9%#37 · 20252.4%#39 · 20258.5%#26 · 20256.0%#20 · 202516,477.87#3 · 2025———
Libya1.8%#38 · 2025-3.9%#57 · 2025——5.30#35 · 2025———
Gabon1.8%#39 · 2025-4.0%#58 · 2025——581.93#10 · 20259.5%#39 · 202115.1%#40 · 202114.1%#40 · 2021
Jordan1.8%#40 · 20252.2%#40 · 20258.1%#29 · 20255.8%#23 · 20250.71#57 · 202515.5%#24 · 202321.2%#30 · 202325.9%#24 · 2023
Philippines1.7%#41 · 20251.4%#47 · 20257.1%#33 · 20196.4%#18 · 201957.51#20 · 202514.4%#30 · 202416.7%#38 · 202416.9%#39 · 2023
Peru1.5%#42 · 20255.4%#14 · 202512.6%#14 · 20227.7%#11 · 20223.57#37 · 202515.9%#23 · 202120.7%#31 · 202122.8%#29 · 2021
Guatemala1.5%#43 · 20253.4%#29 · 202512.9%#12 · 20259.2%#8 · 20257.68#32 · 202511.6%#35 · 202412.8%#42 · 202413.5%#41 · 2023
Algeria1.4%#44 · 20250.8%#50 · 20258.0%#30 · 20257.2%#14 · 2025131.61#15 · 2025———
Malaysia1.4%#45 · 2025-0.4%#53 · 20254.8%#44 · 20255.3%#24 · 20254.28#36 · 202512.4%#33 · 202416.8%#37 · 202417.0%#38 · 2023
Belize1.1%#46 · 20251.1%#49 · 20258.5%#27 · 20257.3%#13 · 20252.00#47 · 2025———
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines0.8%#47 · 20254.9%#16 · 20257.1%#34 · 20252.0%#41 · 20252.70#44 · 2025———
Ecuador0.7%#48 · 20251.5%#45 · 2025——1.00#51 · 202513.1%#31 · 202231.0%#9 · 202230.4%#14 · 2022
Grenada0.6%#49 · 20250.7%#51 · 20256.9%#35 · 20256.2%#19 · 20252.70#42 · 2025———
Iraq0.3%#50 · 2025-7.0%#59 · 202512.3%#16 · 201557.6%#1 · 20151,300.00#7 · 20251.3%#43 · 201938.6%#3 · 201927.6%#20 · 2019
El Salvador0.3%#51 · 20251.3%#48 · 2025——1.00#52 · 202521.8%#9 · 202427.3%#18 · 202427.9%#18 · 2023
China0.1%#52 · 2025-0.9%#55 · 20254.3%#46 · 20245.2%#25 · 20247.19#33 · 20257.0%#41 · 202414.9%#41 · 2024—
Thailand-0.1%#53 · 2025-0.9%#54 · 20255.0%#43 · 20255.9%#21 · 202532.88#26 · 202515.2%#27 · 202420.2%#32 · 202420.7%#33 · 2023
Fiji-1.4%#54 · 20252.0%#41 · 20254.6%#45 · 2024-1.5%#47 · 20242.30#46 · 202523.9%#4 · 202426.6%#20 · 202427.8%#19 · 2023
Sri Lanka-4.8%#55 · 20253.7%#26 · 202511.2%#19 · 20197.1%#15 · 2019300.85#13 · 20259.9%#38 · 202311.1%#43 · 202318.0%#36 · 2023
Cuba—32.2%#3 · 2024——————
Marshall Islands—5.7%#13 · 2025——1.00#53 · 202517.2%#21 · 202031.3%#8 · 202059.4%#2 · 2020
Turkmenistan—6.0%#11 · 2025——————
Tuvalu—1.8%#43 · 2025——1.55#50 · 2025———
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)Ranks count group members with a value in the recent window.
within the group

Highest and lowest, indicator by indicator

Inflation55 countries
  1. 1Argentina219.9%2024
  2. 2Iran42.2%2025
  3. 3Türkiye34.9%2025
Lowest
  1. 55Sri Lanka-4.8%2025
  2. 54Fiji-1.4%2025
  3. 53Thailand-0.1%2025
Median country 3.3% · group 3.3%
GDP deflator59 countries
  1. 1Argentina39.1%2025
  2. 2Türkiye36.4%2025
  3. 3Cuba32.2%2024
Lowest
  1. 59Iraq-7.0%2025
  2. 58Gabon-4.0%2025
  3. 57Libya-3.9%2025
Median country 3.3% · group 3.3%
Lending rate47 countries
  1. 1Argentina46.0%2025
  2. 2Brazil45.3%2025
  3. 3Ukraine19.7%2025
Lowest
  1. 47Bosnia and Herzegovina4.1%2025
  2. 46China4.3%2024
  3. 45Fiji4.6%2024
Median country 9.0%
Real interest rate47 countries
  1. 1Iraq57.6%2015
  2. 2Brazil37.5%2025
  3. 3Azerbaijan14.7%2025
Lowest
  1. 47Fiji-1.5%2024
  2. 46Belarus0.0%2025
  3. 45North Macedonia0.8%2025
Median country 5.3%
Exchange rate57 countries
  1. 1Iran42,000.002023
  2. 2Vietnam24,164.892024
  3. 3Indonesia16,477.872025
Lowest
  1. 57Jordan0.712025
  2. 56Montenegro0.892025
  3. 55Kosovo0.892025
Median country 17.38
Tax revenue43 countries
  1. 1South Africa25.9%2024
  2. 2Georgia24.3%2024
  3. 3Samoa24.0%2023
Lowest
  1. 43Iraq1.3%2019
  2. 42Equatorial Guinea6.6%2022
  3. 41China7.0%2024
Median country 16.9% · group 10.4%
Government revenue43 countries
  1. 1Azerbaijan38.9%2024
  2. 2Serbia38.6%2022
  3. 3Iraq38.6%2019
Lowest
  1. 43Sri Lanka11.1%2023
  2. 42Guatemala12.8%2024
  3. 41China14.9%2024
Median country 26.4% · group 18.5%
Government expense42 countries
  1. 1Ukraine65.6%2023
  2. 2Marshall Islands59.4%2020
  3. 3Serbia35.5%2022
Lowest
  1. 42Equatorial Guinea11.0%2022
  2. 41Guatemala13.5%2023
  3. 40Gabon14.1%2021
Median country 27.1%
Government debt35 countries
  1. 1El Salvador107.3%2024
  2. 2Jamaica97.9%2020
  3. 3Jordan93.6%2023
Lowest
  1. 35Azerbaijan6.4%2010
  2. 34Botswana19.7%2023
  3. 33Kazakhstan20.9%2023
Median country 45.9%
External debt52 countries
  1. 1Mongolia181.9%2024
  2. 2Suriname129.1%2023
  3. 3Mauritius123.2%2024
Lowest
  1. 52Iran2.2%2024
  2. 51Algeria2.7%2024
  3. 50Turkmenistan5.2%2024
Median country 47.7% · group 21.3%
Private credit52 countries
  1. 1China194.3%2024
  2. 2Thailand143.1%2025
  3. 3Vietnam125.0%2022
Lowest
  1. 52Equatorial Guinea5.8%2023
  2. 51Libya12.5%2025
  3. 50Iraq14.0%2024
Median country 44.0% · group 139.0%
Broad money52 countries
  1. 1China227.7%2024
  2. 2Mauritius142.3%2025
  3. 3Thailand141.0%2024
Lowest
  1. 52Equatorial Guinea13.7%2023
  2. 51Argentina26.3%2025
  3. 50Belarus30.7%2021
Median country 61.4% · group 167.9%
Reserves, months of imports51 countries
  1. 1Libya31.62023
  2. 2Samoa12.42025
  3. 3China11.92025
Lowest
  1. 51Kosovo1.82025
  2. 50Maldives1.92025
  3. 49Vietnam2.12025
Median country 5.1 · group 9.9
Military spending46 countries
  1. 1Ukraine39.56%2025
  2. 2Algeria8.83%2025
  3. 3Azerbaijan6.47%2025
Lowest
  1. 46Mauritius0.15%2025
  2. 45Kazakhstan0.43%2025
  3. 44Guatemala0.52%2025
Median country 1.35% · group 1.87%
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