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Environment · World Bank income group
Environment in lower-middle-income countries: how the countries rank
Emissions, renewable energy, forests, farmland and water use. 15 indicators for the 47 economies in the lower-middle income group, ranked within the group; the group figure is the World Bank aggregate.
CO₂ per person1.60 tgroup, 2024 · world 4.69 tGHG per person2.58 tgroup, 2024 · world 6.36 tGHG emissions7,482.1 Mtgroup, 2024 · world 53,206.4 MtCO₂ emissions4,634.0 Mtgroup, 2024 · world 39,632.7 MtMethane2,116.0 Mtgroup, 2024 · world 9,536.5 MtRenewable energy43.3%group, 2020 · world 19.7%Renewable power24.8%group, 2021 · world 27.8%PM2.5 exposure49.6 µg/m³group, 2023 · world 32.9 µg/m³
CO₂ per person
lower-middle-income countriesWorldlow-income countriesupper-middle-income countrieshigh-income countries
GHG per person
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countries
All 47 economies, environment
Latest value and rank within the group (small figure). Click a column to sort; the country name opens its environment profile.
47 shown
| Country | CO₂ per person | GHG per person | GHG emissions | CO₂ emissions | Methane | Renewable energy | Renewable power | PM2.5 exposure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uzbekistan | 4.09 t#1 · 2024 | 6.26 t#1 · 2024 | 227.5 Mt#5 · 2024 | 148.5 Mt#4 · 2024 | 64.3 Mt#7 · 2024 | 1.0%#47 · 2021 | 7.1%#39 · 2021 | 32.8 µg/m³#16 · 2023 |
| Venezuela | 3.39 t#2 · 2024 | 5.89 t#2 · 2024 | 167.3 Mt#7 · 2024 | 96.4 Mt#7 · 2024 | 53.0 Mt#10 · 2024 | 33.7%#33 · 2021 | 81.7%#12 · 2021 | 19.2 µg/m³#34 · 2023 |
| Laos | 3.35 t#3 · 2024 | 5.35 t#3 · 2024 | 41.5 Mt#17 · 2024 | 26.1 Mt#13 · 2024 | 12.3 Mt#24 · 2024 | 49.2%#22 · 2022 | 63.3%#17 · 2021 | 26.0 µg/m³#24 · 2023 |
| Tunisia | 2.62 t#4 · 2024 | 3.63 t#7 · 2024 | 44.6 Mt#16 · 2024 | 32.2 Mt#9 · 2024 | 8.4 Mt#31 · 2024 | 11.6%#42 · 2021 | 2.8%#43 · 2021 | 18.9 µg/m³#35 · 2023 |
| Egypt | 2.50 t#5 · 2024 | 3.32 t#10 · 2024 | 386.6 Mt#3 · 2024 | 291.6 Mt#2 · 2024 | 57.5 Mt#9 · 2024 | 6.1%#46 · 2021 | 12.2%#38 · 2021 | 43.1 µg/m³#8 · 2023 |
| Bolivia | 2.29 t#6 · 2024 | 5.14 t#4 · 2024 | 63.8 Mt#13 · 2024 | 28.4 Mt#11 · 2024 | 26.5 Mt#14 · 2024 | 12.8%#41 · 2021 | 38.2%#21 · 2021 | 28.1 µg/m³#20 · 2023 |
| India | 2.17 t#7 · 2024 | 3.01 t#13 · 2024 | 4,371.2 Mt#1 · 2024 | 3,153.8 Mt#1 · 2024 | 861.6 Mt#1 · 2024 | 34.9%#30 · 2021 | 19.1%#35 · 2021 | 54.1 µg/m³#5 · 2023 |
| Bhutan | 2.01 t#8 · 2024 | 3.55 t#8 · 2024 | 2.8 Mt#39 · 2024 | 1.6 Mt#37 · 2024 | 1.0 Mt#40 · 2024 | 82.5%#2 · 2022 | 100.0%#1 · 2021 | 30.1 µg/m³#18 · 2023 |
| Lebanon | 1.90 t#9 · 2024 | 3.24 t#11 · 2024 | 18.8 Mt#30 · 2024 | 11.0 Mt#24 · 2024 | 4.2 Mt#35 · 2024 | 6.8%#45 · 2021 | 5.1%#42 · 2021 | 26.7 µg/m³#22 · 2023 |
| Morocco | 1.84 t#10 · 2024 | 2.86 t#14 · 2024 | 108.7 Mt#9 · 2024 | 70.0 Mt#8 · 2024 | 31.0 Mt#12 · 2024 | 10.9%#44 · 2021 | 19.3%#34 · 2021 | 18.7 µg/m³#36 · 2023 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 1.49 t#11 · 2024 | 3.10 t#12 · 2024 | 22.4 Mt#27 · 2024 | 10.7 Mt#25 · 2024 | 9.9 Mt#27 · 2024 | 27.6%#35 · 2021 | 85.6%#9 · 2021 | 20.1 µg/m³#31 · 2023 |
| Republic of the Congo | 1.34 t#12 · 2024 | 3.89 t#6 · 2024 | 24.6 Mt#25 · 2024 | 8.5 Mt#28 · 2024 | 15.0 Mt#20 · 2024 | 71.4%#10 · 2021 | 31.7%#25 · 2021 | 36.5 µg/m³#12 · 2023 |
| Namibia | 1.20 t#13 · 2024 | 4.69 t#5 · 2024 | 14.2 Mt#33 · 2024 | 3.6 Mt#34 · 2024 | 7.8 Mt#32 · 2024 | 30.0%#34 · 2021 | 93.4%#4 · 2021 | 14.2 µg/m³#41 · 2023 |
| Honduras | 1.14 t#14 · 2024 | 2.25 t#18 · 2024 | 24.4 Mt#26 · 2024 | 12.3 Mt#22 · 2024 | 9.4 Mt#28 · 2024 | 45.9%#23 · 2021 | 64.9%#16 · 2021 | 30.7 µg/m³#17 · 2023 |
| Cambodia | 1.10 t#15 · 2024 | 2.83 t#15 · 2024 | 49.8 Mt#14 · 2024 | 19.4 Mt#17 · 2024 | 26.7 Mt#13 · 2024 | 52.4%#19 · 2021 | 56.4%#18 · 2021 | 19.4 µg/m³#33 · 2023 |
| Mauritania | 0.97 t#16 · 2024 | 3.39 t#9 · 2024 | 17.5 Mt#32 · 2024 | 5.0 Mt#33 · 2024 | 9.3 Mt#29 · 2024 | 19.6%#39 · 2022 | 19.4%#33 · 2021 | 46.5 µg/m³#7 · 2023 |
| Tajikistan | 0.92 t#17 · 2024 | 2.10 t#20 · 2024 | 22.2 Mt#28 · 2024 | 9.8 Mt#27 · 2024 | 10.3 Mt#26 · 2024 | 34.9%#32 · 2021 | 93.4%#3 · 2021 | 33.3 µg/m³#15 · 2023 |
| Eswatini | 0.88 t#18 · 2024 | 2.36 t#17 · 2024 | 2.9 Mt#38 · 2024 | 1.1 Mt#38 · 2024 | 1.4 Mt#38 · 2024 | 64.7%#13 · 2022 | 83.1%#11 · 2021 | 16.7 µg/m³#37 · 2023 |
| Vanuatu | 0.87 t#19 · 2024 | 1.93 t#24 · 2024 | 0.6 Mt#43 · 2024 | 0.3 Mt#44 · 2024 | 0.3 Mt#43 · 2024 | 25.0%#38 · 2022 | 25.2%#28 · 2021 | 7.0 µg/m³#46 · 2023 |
| Nicaragua | 0.83 t#20 · 2024 | 2.77 t#16 · 2024 | 19.2 Mt#29 · 2024 | 5.7 Mt#30 · 2024 | 10.5 Mt#25 · 2024 | 50.4%#20 · 2021 | 69.5%#14 · 2021 | 20.4 µg/m³#26 · 2023 |
| Pakistan | 0.81 t#21 · 2024 | 2.09 t#21 · 2024 | 525.9 Mt#2 · 2024 | 204.0 Mt#3 · 2024 | 250.9 Mt#2 · 2024 | 41.6%#26 · 2021 | 28.3%#26 · 2021 | 58.4 µg/m³#3 · 2023 |
| Zimbabwe | 0.77 t#22 · 2024 | 1.85 t#25 · 2024 | 30.8 Mt#23 · 2024 | 12.9 Mt#21 · 2024 | 12.8 Mt#22 · 2024 | 82.4%#3 · 2021 | 87.5%#8 · 2021 | 15.0 µg/m³#40 · 2023 |
| Senegal | 0.77 t#23 · 2024 | 1.71 t#29 · 2024 | 31.7 Mt#22 · 2024 | 14.2 Mt#20 · 2024 | 12.3 Mt#23 · 2024 | 35.4%#29 · 2021 | 13.3%#37 · 2021 | 41.6 µg/m³#9 · 2023 |
| Djibouti | 0.77 t#24 · 2024 | 2.07 t#22 · 2024 | 2.4 Mt#40 · 2024 | 0.9 Mt#40 · 2024 | 1.3 Mt#39 · 2024 | 26.9%#36 · 2022 | 35.4%#23 · 2021 | 40.3 µg/m³#10 · 2023 |
| Angola | 0.74 t#25 · 2024 | 1.85 t#26 · 2024 | 69.9 Mt#12 · 2024 | 28.1 Mt#12 · 2024 | 34.3 Mt#11 · 2024 | 52.9%#18 · 2021 | 91.2%#6 · 2021 | 19.9 µg/m³#32 · 2023 |
| Bangladesh | 0.72 t#26 · 2024 | 1.27 t#38 · 2024 | 220.8 Mt#6 · 2024 | 124.2 Mt#6 · 2024 | 70.5 Mt#5 · 2024 | 25.0%#37 · 2021 | 1.5%#44 · 2021 | 69.3 µg/m³#1 · 2023 |
| Ghana | 0.70 t#27 · 2024 | 1.40 t#33 · 2024 | 48.1 Mt#15 · 2024 | 24.2 Mt#14 · 2024 | 18.1 Mt#19 · 2024 | 39.0%#28 · 2021 | 34.9%#24 · 2021 | 28.1 µg/m³#19 · 2023 |
| São Tomé and Príncipe | 0.63 t#28 · 2024 | 1.04 t#43 · 2024 | 0.2 Mt#45 · 2024 | 0.1 Mt#45 · 2024 | 0.1 Mt#45 · 2024 | 42.5%#24 · 2022 | 6.1%#41 · 2021 | 15.1 µg/m³#39 · 2023 |
| Kiribati | 0.59 t#29 · 2024 | 0.86 t#45 · 2024 | 0.1 Mt#46 · 2024 | 0.1 Mt#46 · 2024 | 0.0 Mt#46 · 2024 | 41.9%#25 · 2022 | 16.4%#36 · 2021 | 3.9 µg/m³#47 · 2023 |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 0.59 t#30 · 2024 | 1.19 t#40 · 2024 | 38.0 Mt#21 · 2024 | 18.8 Mt#18 · 2024 | 13.6 Mt#21 · 2024 | 58.2%#15 · 2021 | 22.8%#30 · 2021 | 20.4 µg/m³#27 · 2023 |
| Myanmar | 0.58 t#31 · 2024 | 2.16 t#19 · 2024 | 117.8 Mt#8 · 2024 | 31.4 Mt#10 · 2024 | 72.7 Mt#4 · 2024 | 62.9%#14 · 2021 | 50.8%#19 · 2021 | 35.1 µg/m³#13 · 2023 |
| Nigeria | 0.57 t#32 · 2024 | 1.51 t#30 · 2024 | 350.6 Mt#4 · 2024 | 131.9 Mt#5 · 2024 | 175.1 Mt#3 · 2024 | 80.3%#4 · 2021 | 22.0%#31 · 2021 | 65.7 µg/m³#2 · 2023 |
| Zambia | 0.54 t#33 · 2024 | 1.81 t#28 · 2024 | 38.5 Mt#20 · 2024 | 11.6 Mt#23 · 2024 | 18.3 Mt#18 · 2024 | 83.0%#1 · 2021 | 92.0%#5 · 2021 | 20.2 µg/m³#29 · 2023 |
| Nepal | 0.54 t#34 · 2024 | 1.40 t#32 · 2024 | 41.5 Mt#18 · 2024 | 15.9 Mt#19 · 2024 | 20.6 Mt#16 · 2024 | 73.7%#9 · 2021 | 84.0%#10 · 2021 | 53.2 µg/m³#6 · 2023 |
| Papua New Guinea | 0.52 t#35 · 2024 | 1.02 t#44 · 2024 | 10.8 Mt#36 · 2024 | 5.5 Mt#31 · 2024 | 3.7 Mt#36 · 2024 | 54.6%#16 · 2022 | 40.0%#20 · 2021 | 14.1 µg/m³#42 · 2023 |
| Comoros | 0.51 t#36 · 2024 | 1.10 t#42 · 2024 | 0.9 Mt#42 · 2024 | 0.4 Mt#42 · 2024 | 0.4 Mt#42 · 2024 | 39.3%#27 · 2022 | 0.0%#47 · 2021 | 10.2 µg/m³#44 · 2023 |
| Timor-Leste | 0.50 t#37 · 2024 | 1.39 t#35 · 2024 | 1.9 Mt#41 · 2024 | 0.7 Mt#41 · 2024 | 1.0 Mt#41 · 2024 | 11.4%#43 · 2022 | 0.4%#45 · 2021 | 12.0 µg/m³#43 · 2023 |
| Benin | 0.49 t#38 · 2024 | 1.23 t#39 · 2024 | 17.8 Mt#31 · 2024 | 7.0 Mt#29 · 2024 | 7.6 Mt#33 · 2024 | 54.5%#17 · 2021 | 0.3%#46 · 2021 | 39.7 µg/m³#11 · 2023 |
| Lesotho | 0.43 t#39 · 2024 | 1.31 t#36 · 2024 | 3.1 Mt#37 · 2024 | 1.0 Mt#39 · 2024 | 1.6 Mt#37 · 2024 | 34.9%#31 · 2022 | 99.8%#2 · 2021 | 26.4 µg/m³#23 · 2023 |
| Solomon Islands | 0.38 t#40 · 2024 | 0.76 t#46 · 2024 | 0.6 Mt#44 · 2024 | 0.3 Mt#43 · 2024 | 0.3 Mt#44 · 2024 | 50.1%#21 · 2022 | 6.6%#40 · 2021 | 9.8 µg/m³#45 · 2023 |
| Kenya | 0.38 t#41 · 2024 | 1.82 t#27 · 2024 | 102.8 Mt#10 · 2024 | 21.6 Mt#15 · 2024 | 64.9 Mt#6 · 2024 | 67.7%#11 · 2021 | 78.1%#13 · 2021 | 20.3 µg/m³#28 · 2023 |
| Cameroon | 0.35 t#42 · 2024 | 1.39 t#34 · 2024 | 40.6 Mt#19 · 2024 | 10.3 Mt#26 · 2024 | 21.8 Mt#15 · 2024 | 79.2%#5 · 2021 | 65.8%#15 · 2021 | 55.6 µg/m³#4 · 2023 |
| Guinea | 0.35 t#43 · 2024 | 1.99 t#23 · 2024 | 29.4 Mt#24 · 2024 | 5.2 Mt#32 · 2024 | 19.0 Mt#17 · 2024 | 66.6%#12 · 2022 | 88.1%#7 · 2021 | 27.3 µg/m³#21 · 2023 |
| Togo | 0.31 t#44 · 2024 | 1.29 t#37 · 2024 | 10.8 Mt#35 · 2024 | 2.6 Mt#36 · 2024 | 6.0 Mt#34 · 2024 | 75.1%#8 · 2021 | 25.3%#27 · 2021 | 34.3 µg/m³#14 · 2023 |
| Tanzania | 0.31 t#45 · 2024 | 1.50 t#31 · 2024 | 102.5 Mt#11 · 2024 | 21.3 Mt#16 · 2024 | 59.7 Mt#8 · 2024 | 78.3%#6 · 2021 | 37.2%#22 · 2021 | 20.2 µg/m³#30 · 2023 |
| Haiti | 0.30 t#46 · 2024 | 1.17 t#41 · 2024 | 13.8 Mt#34 · 2024 | 3.5 Mt#35 · 2024 | 8.8 Mt#30 · 2024 | 76.7%#7 · 2021 | 20.5%#32 · 2021 | 15.8 µg/m³#38 · 2023 |
| West Bank and Gaza | — | — | — | — | — | 15.4%#40 · 2022 | 24.5%#29 · 2021 | 22.4 µg/m³#25 · 2023 |
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)Ranks count group members with a value in the recent window.
within the group
Highest and lowest, indicator by indicator
CO₂ per person46 countries
- 1Uzbekistan4.09 t2024
- 2Venezuela3.39 t2024
- 3Laos3.35 t2024
Median country 0.77 t · group 1.60 t
GHG per person46 countries
- 1Uzbekistan6.26 t2024
- 2Venezuela5.89 t2024
- 3Laos5.35 t2024
Lowest
- 46Solomon Islands0.76 t2024
- 45Kiribati0.86 t2024
- 44Papua New Guinea1.02 t2024
Median country 1.96 t · group 2.58 t
GHG emissions46 countries
Lowest
- 46Kiribati0.1 Mt2024
- 45São Tomé and Príncipe0.2 Mt2024
- 44Solomon Islands0.6 Mt2024
Median country 30.1 Mt · group 7,482.1 Mt
CO₂ emissions46 countries
Lowest
- 46Kiribati0.1 Mt2024
- 45São Tomé and Príncipe0.1 Mt2024
- 44Vanuatu0.3 Mt2024
Median country 11.3 Mt · group 4,634.0 Mt
Methane46 countries
Lowest
- 46Kiribati0.0 Mt2024
- 45São Tomé and Príncipe0.1 Mt2024
- 44Solomon Islands0.3 Mt2024
Median country 12.3 Mt · group 2,116.0 Mt
Renewable energy47 countries
Lowest
- 47Uzbekistan1.0%2021
- 46Egypt6.1%2021
- 45Lebanon6.8%2021
Median country 42.5% · group 43.3%
Renewable power47 countries
- 1Bhutan100.0%2021
- 2Lesotho99.8%2021
- 3Tajikistan93.4%2021
Lowest
- 47Comoros0.0%2021
- 46Benin0.3%2021
- 45Timor-Leste0.4%2021
Median country 34.9% · group 24.8%
PM2.5 exposure47 countries
- 1Bangladesh69.3 µg/m³2023
- 2Nigeria65.7 µg/m³2023
- 3Pakistan58.4 µg/m³2023
Lowest
- 47Kiribati3.9 µg/m³2023
- 46Vanuatu7.0 µg/m³2023
- 45Solomon Islands9.8 µg/m³2023
Median country 26.0 µg/m³ · group 49.6 µg/m³
Forest cover47 countries
- 1Solomon Islands89.8%2024
- 2Papua New Guinea75.2%2024
- 3Vanuatu74.6%2024
Lowest
- 47Egypt0.0%2024
- 46Djibouti0.3%2024
- 45Mauritania1.0%2024
Median country 25.3% · group 30.2%
Farmland47 countries
- 1Lesotho92.9%2024
- 2Côte d'Ivoire83.9%2024
- 3Comoros78.9%2024
Lowest
- 47Papua New Guinea3.1%2024
- 46Solomon Islands4.1%2024
- 45Egypt4.2%2024
Median country 46.1% · group 43.0%
Arable land47 countries
- 1Bangladesh60.5%2024
- 2India51.7%2024
- 3Togo48.7%2024
Lowest
- 47Djibouti0.2%2024
- 46Mauritania0.4%2024
- 45Papua New Guinea0.7%2024
Median country 10.4% · group 18.3%
Protected areas47 countries
Lowest
- 47Vanuatu0.1%2025
- 46Solomon Islands0.2%2025
- 45São Tomé and Príncipe0.2%2025
Median country 11.6% · group 12.4%
Water withdrawals44 countries
- 1Egypt7,750.0%2022
- 2Mauritania337.1%2022
- 3Pakistan326.0%2022
Lowest
- 44Republic of the Congo0.0%2022
- 43Papua New Guinea0.0%2022
- 42Bolivia0.1%2022
Median country 4.8% · group 16.3%
Freshwater per person46 countries
- 1Bhutan99,883 m³2022
- 2Papua New Guinea78,505 m³2022
- 3Solomon Islands57,229 m³2022
Lowest
- 46Egypt9 m³2022
- 45Mauritania82 m³2022
- 44West Bank and Gaza165 m³2021
Median country 2,227 m³ · group 2,496 m³
Cereal yield46 countries
- 1Egypt7,360 kg/ha2024
- 2Uzbekistan5,496 kg/ha2024
- 3Bangladesh5,408 kg/ha2024
Median country 2,022 kg/ha · group 3,366 kg/ha
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