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Environment · Europe & Central Asia · Upper-middle income
North Macedonia: environment and emissions
CO₂ per person is 4.00 t (2024), 71st of 203 in the world and 35th of 49 in Europe & Central Asia. GHG per person is 5.38 t (2024), 78th of 203 in the world and 37th of 49 in Europe & Central Asia. GHG emissions is 9.8 Mt (2024), 141st of 203 in the world and 42nd of 49 in Europe & Central Asia.
CO₂ per person
North MacedoniaEurope & Central AsiaUpper-middle incomeWorld
GHG per person
North MacedoniaEurope & Central AsiaUpper-middle incomeWorld
15 indicators
Environment: North Macedonia in detail
Latest reported value, world rank and rank within Europe & Central Asia; values around 2000, 2010, 2020; group and world columns are World Bank aggregates.
| Indicator | Latest | World rank | In region | ~2000 | ~2010 | ~2020 | 10-year change | Region | Income group | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO₂ per personCO₂ emissions per capita, tonnes | 4.00 t2024 | 71/203 | 35/49 | 4.46 t | 4.71 t | 4.08 t | −8.2%since 2014 | 6.62 t | 6.38 t | 4.69 t | |
| GHG per personGreenhouse gas emissions per person, t CO₂e | 5.38 t2024 | 78/203 | 37/49 | 5.63 t | 6.03 t | 5.54 t | −5.9%since 2014 | 8.65 t | 8.33 t | 6.36 t | |
| GHG emissionsTotal greenhouse gas emissions excl. land use, Mt CO₂e | 9.8 Mt2024 | 141/203 | 42/49 | 11.4 Mt | 11.7 Mt | 10.3 Mt | −11%since 2014 | 7,953.3 Mt | 25,498.1 Mt | 53,206.4 Mt | |
| CO₂ emissionsCO₂ emissions, total excl. land use, Mt | 7.3 Mt2024 | 124/203 | 42/49 | 9.0 Mt | 9.2 Mt | 7.6 Mt | −13%since 2014 | 6,082.4 Mt | 19,521.7 Mt | 39,632.7 Mt | |
| MethaneMethane emissions, Mt CO₂e | 1.3 Mt2024 | 152/203 | 43/49 | 1.8 Mt | 1.7 Mt | 1.6 Mt | −19%since 2014 | 1,278.5 Mt | 4,229.1 Mt | 9,536.5 Mt | |
| Renewable energyRenewable energy, % of final energy consumption | 19.5%2021 | 109/212 | 27/54 | 19.4% | 22.3% | 20.0% | +0.9 ppsince 2011 | 15.1% | 16.8% | 19.7% | |
| Renewable powerRenewable electricity, % of output | 31.0%2021 | 90/206 | 33/51 | 17.2% | 33.5% | 29.1% | +9.7 ppsince 2011 | 34.4% | 29.3% | 27.8% | |
| PM2.5 exposurePM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure, µg/m³ | 21.8 µg/m³2023 | 74/200 | 8/52 | 31.6 µg/m³ | 26.9 µg/m³ | 22.5 µg/m³ | −24%since 2013 | 14.4 µg/m³ | 26.7 µg/m³ | 32.9 µg/m³ | |
| Forest coverForest area, % of land area | 40.8%2024 | 77/214 | 12/57 | 37.7% | 38.1% | 41.3% | +1.7 ppsince 2014 | 38.6% | 29.2% | 31.1% | |
| FarmlandAgricultural land, % of land area | 49.2%2024 | 63/210 | 21/55 | 48.6% | 44.4% | 50.0% | −0.8 ppsince 2014 | 29.1% | 42.8% | 36.9% | |
| Arable landArable land, % of land area | 16.2%2024 | 68/206 | 28/53 | 21.8% | 16.4% | 16.5% | −0.2 ppsince 2014 | 12.3% | 9.8% | 10.7% | |
| Protected areasTerrestrial and marine protected areas, % of territory | 29.0%2025 | 33/213 | 14/55 | · | · | 9.0% | +19.3 ppsince 2015 | 13.2% | 12.8% | 17.0% | |
| Water withdrawalsFreshwater withdrawals, % of internal resources | 40.2%2022 | 39/177 | 9/47 | 12.8% | 16.8% | 26.7% | +28.5 ppsince 2012 | 6.7% | 8.9% | 9.0% | |
| Freshwater per personRenewable internal freshwater per person, m³ | 2,948 m³2022 | 85/183 | 26/48 | 2,665 m³ | 2,774 m³ | 2,909 m³ | +5.4%since 2012 | 7,674 m³ | 6,090 m³ | 5,393 m³ | |
| Cereal yieldCereal yield, kg per hectare | 3,565 kg/ha2024 | 80/179 | 34/48 | 2,565 kg/ha | 3,330 kg/ha | 3,664 kg/ha | −8.6%since 2014 | 4,045 kg/ha | 4,942 kg/ha | 4,229 kg/ha |
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)“·” — no value reported within two years of that date. World rank counts countries with a recent value.
Better than ten years ago
- CO₂ per person−8.2%4.00 t in 2024
- GHG per person−5.9%5.38 t in 2024
- GHG emissions−11%9.8 Mt in 2024
- CO₂ emissions−13%7.3 Mt in 2024
Worse than ten years ago
- Water withdrawals+28.5 pp40.2% in 2022
- Cereal yield−8.6%3,565 kg/ha in 2024
Only indicators where higher or lower is clearly better are rated (for example, unemployment down is better, life expectancy up is better).
neighbours
North Macedonia and its neighbours
Countries sharing a land border with North Macedonia. Latest values since 2005; the highest in each row is marked.
| Indicator | North Macedonia | Greece | Serbia | Bulgaria | Albania | Kosovo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO₂ per person | 4.00 t2024 | 5.05 t2024 | — | 5.31 t2024 | 1.79 t2024 | — |
| GHG per person | 5.38 t2024 | 6.87 t2024 | — | 7.25 t2024 | 3.00 t2024 | — |
| GHG emissions | 9.8 Mt2024 | 71.5 Mt2024 | — | 46.7 Mt2024 | 7.1 Mt2024 | — |
| CO₂ emissions | 7.3 Mt2024 | 52.5 Mt2024 | — | 34.2 Mt2024 | 4.2 Mt2024 | — |
| Methane | 1.3 Mt2024 | 11.3 Mt2024 | — | 7.4 Mt2024 | 1.9 Mt2024 | — |
| Renewable energy | 19.5%2021 | 21.5%2021 | 27.2%2021 | 20.4%2021 | 41.9%2021 | — |
| Renewable power | 31.0%2021 | 40.6%2021 | 35.0%2021 | 22.2%2021 | 98.6%2011 | 6.4%2021 |
| PM2.5 exposure | 21.8 µg/m³2023 | 14.1 µg/m³2023 | 19.3 µg/m³2023 | 19.7 µg/m³2023 | 15.5 µg/m³2023 | — |
| Forest cover | 40.8%2024 | 36.9%2024 | 39.2%2024 | 36.4%2024 | 34.3%2024 | — |