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Environment · World Bank region
Environment in Sub-Saharan Africa: how the countries rank
Emissions, renewable energy, forests, farmland and water use. 15 indicators for the 48 economies of Sub-Saharan Africa, ranked within the group; the group figure is the World Bank aggregate.
CO₂ per person0.70 tSub-Saharan Africa, 2024 · world 4.69 tGHG per person1.91 tSub-Saharan Africa, 2024 · world 6.36 tGHG emissions2,444.8 MtSub-Saharan Africa, 2024 · world 53,206.4 MtCO₂ emissions896.3 MtSub-Saharan Africa, 2024 · world 39,632.7 MtMethane1,179.9 MtSub-Saharan Africa, 2024 · world 9,536.5 MtRenewable energy70.3%Sub-Saharan Africa, 2020 · world 19.7%Renewable power32.6%Sub-Saharan Africa, 2021 · world 27.8%PM2.5 exposure35.4 µg/m³Sub-Saharan Africa, 2023 · world 32.9 µg/m³
CO₂ per person
Sub-Saharan AfricaWorldEast Asia & PacificEurope & Central AsiaLatin America & Caribbean
GHG per person
Sub-Saharan AfricaWorldEast Asia & PacificEurope & Central AsiaLatin America & Caribbean
countries
All 48 economies, environment
Latest value and rank within the group (small figure). Click a column to sort; the country name opens its environment profile.
48 shown
| Country | CO₂ per person | GHG per person | GHG emissions | CO₂ emissions | Methane | Renewable energy | Renewable power | PM2.5 exposure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seychelles | 7.24 t#1 · 2024 | 8.05 t#3 · 2024 | 1.0 Mt#44 · 2024 | 0.9 Mt#38 · 2024 | 0.1 Mt#47 · 2024 | 1.9%#48 · 2022 | 4.5%#43 · 2021 | 9.3 µg/m³#48 · 2023 |
| South Africa | 6.88 t#2 · 2024 | 8.90 t#1 · 2024 | 569.8 Mt#1 · 2024 | 440.2 Mt#1 · 2024 | 93.2 Mt#3 · 2024 | 9.7%#45 · 2021 | 6.4%#38 · 2021 | 27.7 µg/m³#24 · 2023 |
| Mauritius | 3.54 t#3 · 2024 | 5.19 t#4 · 2024 | 6.5 Mt#38 · 2024 | 4.4 Mt#28 · 2024 | 0.6 Mt#43 · 2024 | 8.6%#46 · 2021 | 21.7%#30 · 2021 | 14.1 µg/m³#43 · 2023 |
| Botswana | 2.74 t#4 · 2024 | 4.80 t#6 · 2024 | 12.1 Mt#31 · 2024 | 6.9 Mt#19 · 2024 | 3.4 Mt#36 · 2024 | 27.4%#42 · 2021 | 0.2%#47 · 2021 | 13.2 µg/m³#45 · 2023 |
| Equatorial Guinea | 2.55 t#5 · 2024 | 4.30 t#8 · 2024 | 8.1 Mt#35 · 2024 | 4.8 Mt#25 · 2024 | 3.0 Mt#38 · 2024 | 4.2%#47 · 2022 | 8.8%#36 · 2021 | 42.2 µg/m³#6 · 2023 |
| Gabon | 2.05 t#6 · 2024 | 8.58 t#2 · 2024 | 21.8 Mt#25 · 2024 | 5.2 Mt#23 · 2024 | 14.9 Mt#22 · 2024 | 91.3%#4 · 2021 | 33.0%#25 · 2021 | 31.3 µg/m³#21 · 2023 |
| Republic of the Congo | 1.34 t#7 · 2024 | 3.89 t#9 · 2024 | 24.6 Mt#24 · 2024 | 8.5 Mt#15 · 2024 | 15.0 Mt#21 · 2024 | 71.4%#23 · 2021 | 31.7%#26 · 2021 | 36.5 µg/m³#12 · 2023 |
| Cabo Verde | 1.29 t#8 · 2024 | 1.74 t#22 · 2024 | 0.9 Mt#46 · 2024 | 0.7 Mt#42 · 2024 | 0.2 Mt#45 · 2024 | 21.8%#43 · 2022 | 18.3%#32 · 2021 | 20.2 µg/m³#33 · 2023 |
| Namibia | 1.20 t#9 · 2024 | 4.69 t#7 · 2024 | 14.2 Mt#29 · 2024 | 3.6 Mt#29 · 2024 | 7.8 Mt#29 · 2024 | 30.0%#41 · 2021 | 93.4%#4 · 2021 | 14.2 µg/m³#42 · 2023 |
| Mauritania | 0.97 t#10 · 2024 | 3.39 t#10 · 2024 | 17.5 Mt#28 · 2024 | 5.0 Mt#24 · 2024 | 9.3 Mt#27 · 2024 | 19.6%#44 · 2022 | 19.4%#31 · 2021 | 46.5 µg/m³#4 · 2023 |
| Eswatini | 0.88 t#11 · 2024 | 2.36 t#13 · 2024 | 2.9 Mt#42 · 2024 | 1.1 Mt#35 · 2024 | 1.4 Mt#41 · 2024 | 64.7%#28 · 2022 | 83.1%#11 · 2021 | 16.7 µg/m³#38 · 2023 |
| Zimbabwe | 0.77 t#12 · 2024 | 1.85 t#17 · 2024 | 30.8 Mt#22 · 2024 | 12.9 Mt#11 · 2024 | 12.8 Mt#24 · 2024 | 82.4%#12 · 2021 | 87.5%#10 · 2021 | 15.0 µg/m³#41 · 2023 |
| Senegal | 0.77 t#13 · 2024 | 1.71 t#23 · 2024 | 31.7 Mt#21 · 2024 | 14.2 Mt#10 · 2024 | 12.3 Mt#25 · 2024 | 35.4%#38 · 2021 | 13.3%#34 · 2021 | 41.6 µg/m³#7 · 2023 |
| Angola | 0.74 t#14 · 2024 | 1.85 t#18 · 2024 | 69.9 Mt#8 · 2024 | 28.1 Mt#3 · 2024 | 34.3 Mt#10 · 2024 | 52.9%#33 · 2021 | 91.2%#6 · 2021 | 19.9 µg/m³#35 · 2023 |
| Ghana | 0.70 t#15 · 2024 | 1.40 t#30 · 2024 | 48.1 Mt#11 · 2024 | 24.2 Mt#4 · 2024 | 18.1 Mt#20 · 2024 | 39.0%#37 · 2021 | 34.9%#23 · 2021 | 28.1 µg/m³#23 · 2023 |
| São Tomé and Príncipe | 0.63 t#16 · 2024 | 1.04 t#39 · 2024 | 0.2 Mt#47 · 2024 | 0.1 Mt#47 · 2024 | 0.1 Mt#46 · 2024 | 42.5%#35 · 2022 | 6.1%#40 · 2021 | 15.1 µg/m³#40 · 2023 |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 0.59 t#17 · 2024 | 1.19 t#35 · 2024 | 38.0 Mt#16 · 2024 | 18.8 Mt#9 · 2024 | 13.6 Mt#23 · 2024 | 58.2%#31 · 2021 | 22.8%#28 · 2021 | 20.4 µg/m³#30 · 2023 |
| Nigeria | 0.57 t#18 · 2024 | 1.51 t#25 · 2024 | 350.6 Mt#2 · 2024 | 131.9 Mt#2 · 2024 | 175.1 Mt#1 · 2024 | 80.3%#14 · 2021 | 22.0%#29 · 2021 | 65.7 µg/m³#1 · 2023 |
| Zambia | 0.54 t#19 · 2024 | 1.81 t#21 · 2024 | 38.5 Mt#15 · 2024 | 11.6 Mt#12 · 2024 | 18.3 Mt#19 · 2024 | 83.0%#11 · 2021 | 92.0%#5 · 2021 | 20.2 µg/m³#32 · 2023 |
| Comoros | 0.51 t#20 · 2024 | 1.10 t#38 · 2024 | 0.9 Mt#45 · 2024 | 0.4 Mt#44 · 2024 | 0.4 Mt#44 · 2024 | 39.3%#36 · 2022 | 0.0%#48 · 2021 | 10.2 µg/m³#47 · 2023 |
| Benin | 0.49 t#21 · 2024 | 1.23 t#34 · 2024 | 17.8 Mt#27 · 2024 | 7.0 Mt#18 · 2024 | 7.6 Mt#30 · 2024 | 54.5%#32 · 2021 | 0.3%#46 · 2021 | 39.7 µg/m³#8 · 2023 |
| Sudan | 0.43 t#22 · 2024 | 2.75 t#11 · 2024 | 138.7 Mt#4 · 2024 | 21.9 Mt#5 · 2024 | 84.9 Mt#4 · 2024 | 61.0%#30 · 2021 | 61.1%#19 · 2021 | 37.6 µg/m³#10 · 2023 |
| Lesotho | 0.43 t#23 · 2024 | 1.31 t#32 · 2024 | 3.1 Mt#41 · 2024 | 1.0 Mt#36 · 2024 | 1.6 Mt#40 · 2024 | 34.9%#39 · 2022 | 99.8%#1 · 2021 | 26.4 µg/m³#26 · 2023 |
| Kenya | 0.38 t#24 · 2024 | 1.82 t#19 · 2024 | 102.8 Mt#5 · 2024 | 21.6 Mt#6 · 2024 | 64.9 Mt#6 · 2024 | 67.7%#26 · 2021 | 78.1%#14 · 2021 | 20.3 µg/m³#31 · 2023 |
| Cameroon | 0.35 t#25 · 2024 | 1.39 t#31 · 2024 | 40.6 Mt#14 · 2024 | 10.3 Mt#13 · 2024 | 21.8 Mt#15 · 2024 | 79.2%#17 · 2021 | 65.8%#16 · 2021 | 55.6 µg/m³#3 · 2023 |
| Guinea | 0.35 t#26 · 2024 | 1.99 t#14 · 2024 | 29.4 Mt#23 · 2024 | 5.2 Mt#22 · 2024 | 19.0 Mt#17 · 2024 | 66.6%#27 · 2022 | 88.1%#9 · 2021 | 27.3 µg/m³#25 · 2023 |
| Togo | 0.31 t#27 · 2024 | 1.29 t#33 · 2024 | 10.8 Mt#32 · 2024 | 2.6 Mt#32 · 2024 | 6.0 Mt#31 · 2024 | 75.1%#20 · 2021 | 25.3%#27 · 2021 | 34.3 µg/m³#17 · 2023 |
| Tanzania | 0.31 t#28 · 2024 | 1.50 t#26 · 2024 | 102.5 Mt#6 · 2024 | 21.3 Mt#7 · 2024 | 59.7 Mt#7 · 2024 | 78.3%#18 · 2021 | 37.2%#22 · 2021 | 20.2 µg/m³#34 · 2023 |
| Mali | 0.30 t#29 · 2024 | 1.96 t#15 · 2024 | 48.0 Mt#12 · 2024 | 7.4 Mt#17 · 2024 | 29.4 Mt#11 · 2024 | 71.1%#24 · 2022 | 62.3%#17 · 2021 | 35.5 µg/m³#16 · 2023 |
| Mozambique | 0.29 t#30 · 2024 | 0.97 t#40 · 2024 | 33.6 Mt#20 · 2024 | 10.1 Mt#14 · 2024 | 18.7 Mt#18 · 2024 | 76.9%#19 · 2021 | 82.7%#12 · 2021 | 13.7 µg/m³#44 · 2023 |
| Burkina Faso | 0.27 t#31 · 2024 | 1.48 t#27 · 2024 | 34.9 Mt#18 · 2024 | 6.5 Mt#20 · 2024 | 21.0 Mt#16 · 2024 | 71.4%#22 · 2022 | 13.9%#33 · 2021 | 37.3 µg/m³#11 · 2023 |
| Malawi | 0.22 t#32 · 2024 | 0.88 t#42 · 2024 | 19.0 Mt#26 · 2024 | 4.8 Mt#26 · 2024 | 9.3 Mt#26 · 2024 | 62.9%#29 · 2022 | 80.1%#13 · 2021 | 16.7 µg/m³#39 · 2023 |
| Eritrea | 0.22 t#33 · 2024 | 1.86 t#16 · 2024 | 6.6 Mt#37 · 2024 | 0.8 Mt#41 · 2024 | 4.5 Mt#35 · 2024 | 80.7%#13 · 2021 | 5.0%#42 · 2021 | 33.7 µg/m³#18 · 2023 |
| The Gambia | 0.18 t#34 · 2024 | 0.67 t#44 · 2024 | 1.9 Mt#43 · 2024 | 0.5 Mt#43 · 2024 | 1.2 Mt#42 · 2024 | 47.7%#34 · 2022 | 1.6%#44 · 2021 | 38.3 µg/m³#9 · 2023 |
| Sierra Leone | 0.17 t#35 · 2024 | 0.92 t#41 · 2024 | 7.9 Mt#36 · 2024 | 1.5 Mt#34 · 2024 | 5.6 Mt#33 · 2024 | 71.6%#21 · 2022 | 75.3%#15 · 2021 | 22.5 µg/m³#29 · 2023 |
| Uganda | 0.17 t#36 · 2024 | 1.15 t#36 · 2024 | 57.3 Mt#10 · 2024 | 8.3 Mt#16 · 2024 | 38.2 Mt#9 · 2024 | 90.9%#6 · 2022 | 90.0%#8 · 2021 | 31.2 µg/m³#22 · 2023 |
| Rwanda | 0.16 t#37 · 2024 | 0.59 t#46 · 2024 | 8.3 Mt#34 · 2024 | 2.3 Mt#33 · 2024 | 4.7 Mt#34 · 2024 | 79.9%#15 · 2022 | 59.9%#20 · 2021 | 36.0 µg/m³#13 · 2023 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 0.16 t#38 · 2024 | 1.45 t#29 · 2024 | 3.2 Mt#40 · 2024 | 0.3 Mt#45 · 2024 | 2.3 Mt#39 · 2024 | 87.4%#8 · 2022 | 7.1%#37 · 2021 | 32.3 µg/m³#20 · 2023 |
| Liberia | 0.15 t#39 · 2024 | 0.79 t#43 · 2024 | 4.5 Mt#39 · 2024 | 0.9 Mt#39 · 2024 | 3.1 Mt#37 · 2024 | 92.8%#3 · 2022 | 57.4%#21 · 2021 | 17.9 µg/m³#37 · 2023 |
| Ethiopia | 0.15 t#40 · 2024 | 1.46 t#28 · 2024 | 192.7 Mt#3 · 2024 | 19.4 Mt#8 · 2024 | 131.6 Mt#2 · 2024 | 90.6%#7 · 2021 | 95.3%#3 · 2020 | 23.8 µg/m³#27 · 2023 |
| Madagascar | 0.15 t#41 · 2024 | 1.12 t#37 · 2024 | 35.8 Mt#17 · 2024 | 4.7 Mt#27 · 2024 | 25.4 Mt#14 · 2024 | 83.1%#9 · 2022 | 34.1%#24 · 2021 | 12.4 µg/m³#46 · 2023 |
| Chad | 0.14 t#42 · 2024 | 4.98 t#5 · 2024 | 101.2 Mt#7 · 2024 | 2.9 Mt#31 · 2024 | 75.1 Mt#5 · 2024 | 70.0%#25 · 2022 | 5.7%#41 · 2021 | 43.0 µg/m³#5 · 2023 |
| Niger | 0.12 t#43 · 2024 | 1.52 t#24 · 2024 | 41.1 Mt#13 · 2024 | 3.2 Mt#30 · 2024 | 27.3 Mt#12 · 2024 | 79.6%#16 · 2021 | 6.2%#39 · 2021 | 65.2 µg/m³#2 · 2023 |
| Burundi | 0.07 t#44 · 2024 | 0.60 t#45 · 2024 | 8.4 Mt#33 · 2024 | 1.0 Mt#37 · 2024 | 5.7 Mt#32 · 2024 | 83.0%#10 · 2022 | 61.3%#18 · 2021 | 35.7 µg/m³#15 · 2023 |
| Central African Republic | 0.06 t#45 · 2024 | 2.52 t#12 · 2024 | 13.4 Mt#30 · 2024 | 0.3 Mt#46 · 2024 | 8.2 Mt#28 · 2024 | 90.9%#5 · 2022 | 96.5%#2 · 2021 | 33.3 µg/m³#19 · 2023 |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 0.06 t#46 · 2024 | 0.54 t#47 · 2024 | 58.5 Mt#9 · 2024 | 6.2 Mt#21 · 2024 | 42.2 Mt#8 · 2024 | 96.3%#1 · 2021 | 90.4%#7 · 2021 | 35.8 µg/m³#14 · 2023 |
| Somalia | 0.05 t#47 · 2024 | 1.81 t#20 · 2024 | 34.4 Mt#19 · 2024 | 0.9 Mt#40 · 2024 | 26.9 Mt#13 · 2024 | 95.4%#2 · 2022 | 11.2%#35 · 2021 | 18.5 µg/m³#36 · 2023 |
| South Sudan | — | — | — | — | — | 32.4%#40 · 2021 | 0.4%#45 · 2021 | 23.7 µg/m³#28 · 2023 |
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)Ranks count group members with a value in the recent window.
within the group
Highest and lowest, indicator by indicator
CO₂ per person47 countries
- 1Seychelles7.24 t2024
- 2South Africa6.88 t2024
- 3Mauritius3.54 t2024
Lowest
- 47Somalia0.05 t2024
- 46Democratic Republic of the Congo0.06 t2024
- 45Central African Republic0.06 t2024
Median country 0.38 t · group 0.70 t
GHG per person47 countries
- 1South Africa8.90 t2024
- 2Gabon8.58 t2024
- 3Seychelles8.05 t2024
Lowest
- 47Democratic Republic of the Congo0.54 t2024
- 46Rwanda0.59 t2024
- 45Burundi0.60 t2024
Median country 1.52 t · group 1.91 t
GHG emissions47 countries
- 1South Africa569.8 Mt2024
- 2Nigeria350.6 Mt2024
- 3Ethiopia192.7 Mt2024
Lowest
- 47São Tomé and Príncipe0.2 Mt2024
- 46Cabo Verde0.9 Mt2024
- 45Comoros0.9 Mt2024
Median country 24.6 Mt · group 2,444.8 Mt
CO₂ emissions47 countries
- 1South Africa440.2 Mt2024
- 2Nigeria131.9 Mt2024
- 3Angola28.1 Mt2024
Lowest
- 47São Tomé and Príncipe0.1 Mt2024
- 46Central African Republic0.3 Mt2024
- 45Guinea-Bissau0.3 Mt2024
Median country 5.0 Mt · group 896.3 Mt
Methane47 countries
- 1Nigeria175.1 Mt2024
- 2Ethiopia131.6 Mt2024
- 3South Africa93.2 Mt2024
Lowest
- 47Seychelles0.1 Mt2024
- 46São Tomé and Príncipe0.1 Mt2024
- 45Cabo Verde0.2 Mt2024
Median country 12.8 Mt · group 1,179.9 Mt
Renewable energy48 countries
- 1Democratic Republic of the Congo96.3%2021
- 2Somalia95.4%2022
- 3Liberia92.8%2022
Lowest
- 48Seychelles1.9%2022
- 47Equatorial Guinea4.2%2022
- 46Mauritius8.6%2021
Median country 70.5% · group 70.3%
Renewable power48 countries
- 1Lesotho99.8%2021
- 2Central African Republic96.5%2021
- 3Ethiopia95.3%2020
Median country 33.5% · group 32.6%
PM2.5 exposure48 countries
Lowest
- 48Seychelles9.3 µg/m³2023
- 47Comoros10.2 µg/m³2023
- 46Madagascar12.4 µg/m³2023
Median country 27.5 µg/m³ · group 35.4 µg/m³
Forest cover48 countries
- 1Gabon91.4%2024
- 2Equatorial Guinea86.1%2024
- 3Guinea-Bissau74.8%2024
Lowest
- 48Niger0.8%2024
- 47Mauritania1.0%2024
- 46Lesotho1.1%2024
Median country 22.2% · group 25.7%
Farmland48 countries
- 1Lesotho92.9%2024
- 2Côte d'Ivoire83.9%2024
- 3Uganda80.3%2024
Lowest
- 48Seychelles3.4%2024
- 47Equatorial Guinea3.4%2024
- 46Gabon6.9%2024
Median country 47.6% · group 44.7%
Arable land48 countries
- 1The Gambia58.1%2024
- 2Rwanda48.9%2024
- 3Togo48.7%2024
Lowest
- 48Seychelles0.3%2024
- 47Mauritania0.4%2024
- 46Botswana0.5%2024
Median country 11.4% · group 10.0%
Protected areas48 countries
- 1Zambia41.3%2025
- 2Republic of the Congo34.2%2025
- 3Seychelles32.6%2025
Median country 14.0% · group 14.0%
Water withdrawals47 countries
- 1Sudan673.4%2022
- 2Mauritania337.1%2022
- 3Niger73.8%2022
Lowest
- 47Republic of the Congo0.0%2022
- 46Central African Republic0.1%2022
- 45Liberia0.1%2022
Median country 3.4% · group 3.4%
Freshwater per person47 countries
- 1Gabon67,469 m³2022
- 2Liberia37,221 m³2022
- 3Republic of the Congo36,785 m³2022
Lowest
- 47Sudan81 m³2022
- 46Mauritania82 m³2022
- 45Niger138 m³2022
Median country 1,439 m³ · group 3,162 m³
Cereal yield46 countries
- 1Mauritius11,890 kg/ha2024
- 2South Africa4,562 kg/ha2024
- 3Ghana2,632 kg/ha2024
Lowest
- 46Cabo Verde40 kg/ha2024
- 45Namibia184 kg/ha2024
- 44Somalia362 kg/ha2024
Median country 1,342 kg/ha · group 1,453 kg/ha