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Environment · East Asia & Pacific · Upper-middle income

Indonesia: environment and emissions

CO₂ per person is 2.87 t (2024), 95th of 203 in the world and 17th of 37 in East Asia & Pacific. GHG per person is 4.67 t (2024), 96th of 203 in the world and 16th of 37 in East Asia & Pacific. GHG emissions is 1,323.8 Mt (2024), 5th of 203 in the world and 2nd of 37 in East Asia & Pacific.

CO₂ per person2.87 t2024 · world 95/203 · region 17/37GHG per person4.67 t2024 · world 96/203 · region 16/37GHG emissions1,323.8 Mt2024 · world 5/203 · region 2/37CO₂ emissions812.2 Mt2024 · world 7/203 · region 3/37
CO₂ per person
IndonesiaEast Asia & PacificUpper-middle incomeWorld
0.02.04.06.08.0199520002005201020152020Indonesia2.87 tEast Asia & PacificUpper-middle incomeWorld
GHG per person
IndonesiaEast Asia & PacificUpper-middle incomeWorld
0.02.55.07.510199520002005201020152020Indonesia4.67 tEast Asia & PacificUpper-middle incomeWorld
15 indicators

Environment: Indonesia in detail

Latest reported value, world rank and rank within East Asia & Pacific; values around 2000, 2010, 2020; group and world columns are World Bank aggregates.

IndicatorLatestWorld rankIn region~2000~2010~202010-year changeRegionIncome groupWorldSince 2000
CO₂ per personCO₂ emissions per capita, tonnes2.87 t202495/20317/371.38 t1.80 t2.17 t+47%since 20147.35 t6.38 t4.69 t
GHG per personGreenhouse gas emissions per person, t CO₂e4.67 t202496/20316/372.37 t2.94 t3.66 t+42%since 20149.06 t8.33 t6.36 t
GHG emissionsTotal greenhouse gas emissions excl. land use, Mt CO₂e1,323.8 Mt20245/2032/37513.1 Mt722.9 Mt1,007.1 Mt+55%since 201421,426.8 Mt25,498.1 Mt53,206.4 Mt
CO₂ emissionsCO₂ emissions, total excl. land use, Mt812.2 Mt20247/2033/37299.1 Mt443.7 Mt596.3 Mt+61%since 201417,388.8 Mt19,521.7 Mt39,632.7 Mt
MethaneMethane emissions, Mt CO₂e429.5 Mt20245/2032/37171.7 Mt222.2 Mt337.0 Mt+51%since 20142,697.1 Mt4,229.1 Mt9,536.5 Mt
Renewable energyRenewable energy, % of final energy consumption20.2%2021106/21213/3745.6%36.0%21.9%−12.2 ppsince 201114.8%16.8%19.7%
Renewable powerRenewable electricity, % of output15.5%2021128/20621/3521.0%19.5%15.8%−0.5 ppsince 201125.9%29.3%27.8%
PM2.5 exposurePM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure, µg/m³20.8 µg/m³202377/20010/3326.7 µg/m³18.8 µg/m³18.9 µg/m³+7.7%since 201327.3 µg/m³26.7 µg/m³32.9 µg/m³
Forest coverForest area, % of land area50.7%202457/21419/3549.0%51.3%50.9%−0.1 ppsince 201427.3%29.2%31.1%
FarmlandAgricultural land, % of land area28.9%2024128/21014/3623.8%26.6%29.0%+1.4 ppsince 201446.8%42.8%36.9%
Arable landArable land, % of land area9.3%2024107/20611/349.6%9.5%9.5%−0.2 ppsince 20148.7%9.8%10.7%
Protected areasTerrestrial and marine protected areas, % of territory5.2%2025142/21319/36··5.3%+0.1 ppsince 201522.0%12.8%17.0%
Water withdrawalsFreshwater withdrawals, % of internal resources11.0%202284/17710/205.6%9.0%11.0%+1.4 ppsince 201212.1%8.9%9.0%
Freshwater per personRenewable internal freshwater per person, m³7,240 m³202256/18312/239,342 m³8,196 m³7,346 m³−9.4%since 20124,306 m³6,090 m³5,393 m³
Cereal yieldCereal yield, kg per hectare5,421 kg/ha202432/1797/244,026 kg/ha4,872 kg/ha5,200 kg/ha+6.3%since 20145,430 kg/ha4,942 kg/ha4,229 kg/ha
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)“·” — no value reported within two years of that date. World rank counts countries with a recent value.

Better than ten years ago

Worse than ten years ago

Only indicators where higher or lower is clearly better are rated (for example, unemployment down is better, life expectancy up is better).

neighbours

Indonesia and its neighbours

Countries sharing a land border with Indonesia. Latest values since 2005; the highest in each row is marked.

IndicatorIndonesiaIndiaPhilippinesVietnamThailandMalaysia
CO₂ per person2.87 t20242.17 t20241.50 t20244.27 t20243.96 t20248.32 t2024
GHG per person4.67 t20243.01 t20242.30 t20245.79 t20245.89 t20249.34 t2024
GHG emissions1,323.8 Mt20244,371.2 Mt2024266.6 Mt2024584.3 Mt2024422.4 Mt2024332.2 Mt2024
CO₂ emissions812.2 Mt20243,153.8 Mt2024174.1 Mt2024430.8 Mt2024283.8 Mt2024296.0 Mt2024
Methane429.5 Mt2024861.6 Mt202469.3 Mt2024116.5 Mt202481.1 Mt202426.3 Mt2024
Renewable energy20.2%202134.9%202128.0%202124.2%202119.0%20217.5%2021
Renewable power15.5%202119.1%202122.6%202141.2%202119.9%202117.0%2021
PM2.5 exposure20.8 µg/m³202354.1 µg/m³202322.2 µg/m³202324.8 µg/m³202323.5 µg/m³202315.9 µg/m³2023
Forest cover50.7%202424.4%202424.8%202447.1%202438.7%202457.7%2024
India: environmentPhilippines: environmentVietnam: environmentThailand: environmentMalaysia: environment
Environment in East Asia & Pacificall 37 economies rankedEnvironment: upper-middle-income countries59 economies rankedEnvironment: world leaderboardstop and bottom countriesIndonesia: all key statisticscountry profile