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Environment · World Bank region
Environment in Europe & Central Asia: how the countries rank
Emissions, renewable energy, forests, farmland and water use. 15 indicators for the 58 economies of Europe & Central Asia, ranked within the group; the group figure is the World Bank aggregate.
CO₂ per person6.62 tEurope & Central Asia, 2024 · world 4.69 tGHG per person8.65 tEurope & Central Asia, 2024 · world 6.36 tGHG emissions7,953.3 MtEurope & Central Asia, 2024 · world 53,206.4 MtCO₂ emissions6,082.4 MtEurope & Central Asia, 2024 · world 39,632.7 MtMethane1,278.5 MtEurope & Central Asia, 2024 · world 9,536.5 MtRenewable energy15.1%Europe & Central Asia, 2020 · world 19.7%Renewable power34.4%Europe & Central Asia, 2021 · world 27.8%PM2.5 exposure14.4 µg/m³Europe & Central Asia, 2023 · world 32.9 µg/m³
CO₂ per person
Europe & Central AsiaWorldEast Asia & PacificLatin America & CaribbeanMiddle East & North Africa
GHG per person
Europe & Central AsiaWorldEast Asia & PacificLatin America & CaribbeanMiddle East & North Africa
countries
All 58 economies, environment
Latest value and rank within the group (small figure). Click a column to sort; the country name opens its environment profile.
57 shown
| Country | CO₂ per person | GHG per person | GHG emissions | CO₂ emissions | Methane | Renewable energy | Renewable power | PM2.5 exposure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gibraltar | 16.15 t#1 · 2024 | 16.75 t#2 · 2024 | 0.7 Mt#48 · 2024 | 0.6 Mt#47 · 2024 | 0.0 Mt#49 · 2024 | 0.0%#54 · 2021 | — | — |
| Russia | 13.98 t#2 · 2024 | 17.93 t#1 · 2024 | 2,575.7 Mt#1 · 2024 | 2,009.2 Mt#1 · 2024 | 416.9 Mt#1 · 2024 | 3.5%#48 · 2021 | 19.2%#39 · 2021 | 11.6 µg/m³#31 · 2023 |
| Kazakhstan | 12.57 t#3 · 2024 | 16.04 t#3 · 2024 | 330.4 Mt#8 · 2024 | 258.8 Mt#8 · 2024 | 57.3 Mt#7 · 2024 | 2.0%#50 · 2021 | 11.0%#45 · 2021 | 19.6 µg/m³#11 · 2023 |
| Turkmenistan | 10.86 t#4 · 2024 | 15.32 t#4 · 2024 | 114.8 Mt#13 · 2024 | 81.4 Mt#14 · 2024 | 27.2 Mt#12 · 2024 | 0.1%#53 · 2021 | 0.0%#51 · 2021 | 31.2 µg/m³#3 · 2023 |
| Luxembourg | 10.56 t#5 · 2024 | 11.90 t#5 · 2024 | 8.1 Mt#44 · 2024 | 7.1 Mt#43 · 2024 | 0.6 Mt#45 · 2024 | 20.5%#25 · 2021 | 89.0%#5 · 2021 | 7.4 µg/m³#46 · 2023 |
| Greenland | 10.45 t#6 · 2024 | 11.60 t#6 · 2024 | 0.7 Mt#47 · 2024 | 0.6 Mt#48 · 2024 | 0.1 Mt#47 · 2024 | 11.7%#43 · 2022 | 77.0%#10 · 2021 | 1.6 µg/m³#52 · 2023 |
| Iceland | 8.52 t#7 · 2024 | 11.08 t#7 · 2024 | 4.3 Mt#46 · 2024 | 3.3 Mt#46 · 2024 | 0.5 Mt#46 · 2024 | 82.4%#1 · 2021 | 100.0%#1 · 2016 | 4.9 µg/m³#50 · 2023 |
| Estonia | 7.76 t#8 · 2024 | 10.30 t#9 · 2024 | 14.1 Mt#38 · 2024 | 10.6 Mt#37 · 2024 | 1.6 Mt#42 · 2024 | 38.0%#10 · 2021 | 40.0%#24 · 2021 | 5.9 µg/m³#47 · 2023 |
| Poland | 7.55 t#9 · 2024 | 9.52 t#12 · 2024 | 348.2 Mt#7 · 2024 | 276.1 Mt#6 · 2024 | 43.1 Mt#10 · 2024 | 15.2%#37 · 2021 | 17.5%#41 · 2021 | 16.5 µg/m³#15 · 2023 |
| Belgium | 7.31 t#10 · 2024 | 9.09 t#14 · 2024 | 107.8 Mt#14 · 2024 | 86.6 Mt#13 · 2024 | 11.7 Mt#19 · 2024 | 11.7%#42 · 2021 | 23.5%#36 · 2021 | 8.4 µg/m³#41 · 2023 |
| Norway | 7.18 t#11 · 2024 | 9.65 t#10 · 2024 | 53.8 Mt#23 · 2024 | 40.0 Mt#21 · 2024 | 8.8 Mt#26 · 2024 | 61.4%#2 · 2021 | 99.1%#2 · 2021 | 5.5 µg/m³#48 · 2023 |
| Czechia | 7.13 t#12 · 2024 | 9.20 t#13 · 2024 | 100.4 Mt#16 · 2024 | 77.7 Mt#15 · 2024 | 13.1 Mt#18 · 2024 | 17.2%#33 · 2021 | 14.0%#43 · 2021 | 12.7 µg/m³#27 · 2023 |
| Germany | 6.94 t#13 · 2024 | 8.07 t#18 · 2024 | 674.4 Mt#2 · 2024 | 579.9 Mt#2 · 2024 | 55.5 Mt#8 · 2024 | 17.6%#31 · 2021 | 39.8%#25 · 2021 | 8.8 µg/m³#38 · 2023 |
| Netherlands | 6.60 t#14 · 2024 | 8.06 t#19 · 2024 | 145.0 Mt#12 · 2024 | 118.8 Mt#11 · 2024 | 17.1 Mt#16 · 2024 | 12.2%#39 · 2021 | 33.1%#32 · 2021 | 8.6 µg/m³#40 · 2023 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 6.45 t#15 · 2024 | 8.73 t#15 · 2024 | 27.6 Mt#31 · 2024 | 20.4 Mt#31 · 2024 | 5.4 Mt#32 · 2024 | 36.6%#11 · 2021 | 39.3%#26 · 2021 | 26.1 µg/m³#6 · 2023 |
| Austria | 6.32 t#16 · 2024 | 7.74 t#20 · 2024 | 71.0 Mt#19 · 2024 | 58.0 Mt#17 · 2024 | 8.2 Mt#27 · 2024 | 36.0%#12 · 2021 | 79.9%#8 · 2021 | 10.0 µg/m³#35 · 2023 |
| Slovenia | 6.27 t#17 · 2024 | 8.15 t#17 · 2024 | 17.3 Mt#37 · 2024 | 13.3 Mt#34 · 2024 | 2.9 Mt#37 · 2024 | 23.4%#22 · 2021 | 36.1%#29 · 2021 | 12.6 µg/m³#29 · 2023 |
| Ireland | 6.04 t#18 · 2024 | 11.06 t#8 · 2024 | 59.7 Mt#21 · 2024 | 32.6 Mt#27 · 2024 | 18.1 Mt#15 · 2024 | 12.7%#38 · 2021 | 37.2%#28 · 2021 | 7.5 µg/m³#44 · 2023 |
| Belarus | 5.94 t#19 · 2024 | 9.58 t#11 · 2024 | 87.5 Mt#17 · 2024 | 54.2 Mt#18 · 2024 | 18.4 Mt#13 · 2024 | 8.2%#46 · 2021 | 3.1%#50 · 2021 | 12.0 µg/m³#30 · 2023 |
| Finland | 5.54 t#20 · 2024 | 8.66 t#16 · 2024 | 48.7 Mt#26 · 2024 | 31.1 Mt#28 · 2024 | 10.8 Mt#22 · 2024 | 50.2%#5 · 2021 | 52.9%#18 · 2021 | 4.6 µg/m³#51 · 2023 |
| Slovakia | 5.51 t#21 · 2024 | 7.19 t#23 · 2024 | 39.0 Mt#29 · 2024 | 29.9 Mt#29 · 2024 | 5.1 Mt#33 · 2024 | 17.9%#30 · 2021 | 23.6%#35 · 2021 | 13.7 µg/m³#24 · 2023 |
| Cyprus | 5.40 t#22 · 2024 | 6.88 t#25 · 2024 | 9.3 Mt#43 · 2024 | 7.3 Mt#41 · 2024 | 1.3 Mt#44 · 2024 | 15.6%#35 · 2021 | 15.1%#42 · 2021 | 16.1 µg/m³#16 · 2023 |
| Türkiye | 5.38 t#23 · 2024 | 6.78 t#27 · 2024 | 579.5 Mt#3 · 2024 | 460.0 Mt#3 · 2024 | 78.6 Mt#2 · 2024 | 12.0%#41 · 2021 | 35.4%#30 · 2021 | 26.4 µg/m³#5 · 2023 |
| Bulgaria | 5.31 t#24 · 2024 | 7.25 t#22 · 2024 | 46.7 Mt#27 · 2024 | 34.2 Mt#25 · 2024 | 7.4 Mt#30 · 2024 | 20.4%#26 · 2021 | 22.2%#38 · 2021 | 19.7 µg/m³#10 · 2023 |
| Italy | 5.08 t#25 · 2024 | 6.30 t#30 · 2024 | 371.2 Mt#6 · 2024 | 299.2 Mt#4 · 2024 | 44.9 Mt#9 · 2024 | 17.5%#32 · 2021 | 41.0%#21 · 2021 | 14.3 µg/m³#22 · 2023 |
| Greece | 5.05 t#26 · 2024 | 6.87 t#26 · 2024 | 71.5 Mt#18 · 2024 | 52.5 Mt#19 · 2024 | 11.3 Mt#21 · 2024 | 21.5%#23 · 2021 | 40.6%#22 · 2021 | 14.1 µg/m³#23 · 2023 |
| Croatia | 4.83 t#27 · 2024 | 6.94 t#24 · 2024 | 26.8 Mt#32 · 2024 | 18.7 Mt#32 · 2024 | 3.9 Mt#35 · 2024 | 34.1%#14 · 2021 | 69.9%#11 · 2021 | 15.8 µg/m³#18 · 2023 |
| Spain | 4.51 t#28 · 2024 | 5.85 t#33 · 2024 | 285.6 Mt#9 · 2024 | 220.1 Mt#9 · 2024 | 42.8 Mt#11 · 2024 | 19.0%#28 · 2021 | 47.0%#19 · 2021 | 10.1 µg/m³#34 · 2023 |
| Lithuania | 4.49 t#29 · 2024 | 7.46 t#21 · 2024 | 21.5 Mt#35 · 2024 | 13.0 Mt#35 · 2024 | 3.2 Mt#36 · 2024 | 33.2%#15 · 2021 | 65.6%#14 · 2021 | 10.7 µg/m³#33 · 2023 |
| Hungary | 4.46 t#30 · 2024 | 6.32 t#29 · 2024 | 60.5 Mt#20 · 2024 | 42.6 Mt#20 · 2024 | 10.7 Mt#23 · 2024 | 15.3%#36 · 2021 | 19.1%#40 · 2021 | 13.7 µg/m³#25 · 2023 |
| Denmark | 4.28 t#31 · 2024 | 6.40 t#28 · 2024 | 38.3 Mt#30 · 2024 | 25.6 Mt#30 · 2024 | 8.1 Mt#29 · 2024 | 39.5%#9 · 2021 | 79.0%#9 · 2021 | 7.5 µg/m³#45 · 2023 |
| United Kingdom | 4.22 t#32 · 2024 | 5.58 t#35 · 2024 | 386.7 Mt#4 · 2024 | 292.4 Mt#5 · 2024 | 58.9 Mt#6 · 2024 | 12.2%#40 · 2021 | 40.2%#23 · 2021 | 9.5 µg/m³#36 · 2023 |
| Uzbekistan | 4.09 t#33 · 2024 | 6.26 t#31 · 2024 | 227.5 Mt#10 · 2024 | 148.5 Mt#10 · 2024 | 64.3 Mt#4 · 2024 | 1.0%#52 · 2021 | 7.1%#46 · 2021 | 32.8 µg/m³#2 · 2023 |
| France | 4.00 t#34 · 2024 | 5.52 t#36 · 2024 | 378.1 Mt#5 · 2024 | 274.5 Mt#7 · 2024 | 67.0 Mt#3 · 2024 | 16.2%#34 · 2021 | 22.8%#37 · 2021 | 8.2 µg/m³#43 · 2023 |
| North Macedonia | 4.00 t#35 · 2024 | 5.38 t#37 · 2024 | 9.8 Mt#42 · 2024 | 7.3 Mt#42 · 2024 | 1.3 Mt#43 · 2024 | 19.5%#27 · 2021 | 31.0%#33 · 2021 | 21.8 µg/m³#8 · 2023 |
| Azerbaijan | 3.81 t#36 · 2024 | 5.71 t#34 · 2024 | 58.3 Mt#22 · 2024 | 38.9 Mt#22 · 2024 | 15.0 Mt#17 · 2024 | 1.3%#51 · 2021 | 5.8%#49 · 2021 | 23.7 µg/m³#7 · 2023 |
| Switzerland | 3.75 t#37 · 2024 | 4.77 t#44 · 2024 | 43.0 Mt#28 · 2024 | 33.7 Mt#26 · 2024 | 5.9 Mt#31 · 2024 | 27.7%#17 · 2021 | 67.9%#12 · 2021 | 8.3 µg/m³#42 · 2023 |
| Romania | 3.72 t#38 · 2024 | 5.35 t#38 · 2024 | 101.9 Mt#15 · 2024 | 70.9 Mt#16 · 2024 | 18.2 Mt#14 · 2024 | 23.6%#21 · 2021 | 44.9%#20 · 2021 | 16.0 µg/m³#17 · 2023 |
| Latvia | 3.65 t#39 · 2024 | 6.24 t#32 · 2024 | 11.6 Mt#40 · 2024 | 6.8 Mt#44 · 2024 | 2.1 Mt#40 · 2024 | 44.0%#6 · 2021 | 63.6%#16 · 2021 | 13.0 µg/m³#26 · 2023 |
| Sweden | 3.57 t#40 · 2024 | 4.97 t#41 · 2024 | 52.6 Mt#25 · 2024 | 37.8 Mt#23 · 2024 | 8.1 Mt#28 · 2024 | 57.9%#3 · 2021 | 67.4%#13 · 2021 | 5.3 µg/m³#49 · 2023 |
| Georgia | 3.53 t#41 · 2024 | 5.14 t#40 · 2024 | 19.6 Mt#36 · 2024 | 13.5 Mt#33 · 2024 | 4.3 Mt#34 · 2024 | 25.2%#20 · 2021 | 81.4%#7 · 2021 | 18.6 µg/m³#13 · 2023 |
| Moldova | 3.42 t#42 · 2024 | 4.85 t#43 · 2024 | 11.7 Mt#39 · 2024 | 8.2 Mt#39 · 2024 | 2.2 Mt#39 · 2024 | 21.4%#24 · 2021 | 6.5%#47 · 2021 | 14.9 µg/m³#20 · 2023 |
| Portugal | 3.32 t#43 · 2024 | 4.97 t#42 · 2024 | 53.2 Mt#24 · 2024 | 35.6 Mt#24 · 2024 | 11.4 Mt#20 · 2024 | 32.3%#16 · 2021 | 64.9%#15 · 2021 | 8.8 µg/m³#39 · 2023 |
| Ukraine | 3.13 t#44 · 2024 | 5.20 t#39 · 2024 | 197.0 Mt#11 · 2024 | 118.5 Mt#12 · 2024 | 60.7 Mt#5 · 2024 | 8.9%#45 · 2021 | 12.0%#44 · 2021 | 14.9 µg/m³#21 · 2023 |
| Armenia | 2.47 t#45 · 2024 | 3.55 t#45 · 2024 | 10.8 Mt#41 · 2024 | 7.5 Mt#40 · 2024 | 2.5 Mt#38 · 2024 | 9.1%#44 · 2021 | 30.0%#34 · 2021 | 28.6 µg/m³#4 · 2023 |
| Albania | 1.79 t#46 · 2024 | 3.00 t#47 · 2024 | 7.1 Mt#45 · 2024 | 4.2 Mt#45 · 2024 | 1.9 Mt#41 · 2024 | 41.9%#7 · 2021 | — | 15.5 µg/m³#19 · 2023 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 1.49 t#47 · 2024 | 3.10 t#46 · 2024 | 22.4 Mt#33 · 2024 | 10.7 Mt#36 · 2024 | 9.9 Mt#25 · 2024 | 27.6%#18 · 2021 | 85.6%#6 · 2021 | 20.1 µg/m³#9 · 2023 |
| Tajikistan | 0.92 t#48 · 2024 | 2.10 t#48 · 2024 | 22.2 Mt#34 · 2024 | 9.8 Mt#38 · 2024 | 10.3 Mt#24 · 2024 | 34.9%#13 · 2021 | 93.4%#3 · 2021 | 33.3 µg/m³#1 · 2023 |
| Faroe Islands | 0.04 t#49 · 2024 | 1.77 t#49 · 2024 | 0.1 Mt#49 · 2024 | 0.0 Mt#49 · 2024 | 0.0 Mt#48 · 2024 | 7.9%#47 · 2022 | 38.1%#27 · 2021 | — |
| Andorra | — | — | — | — | — | 18.7%#29 · 2022 | 93.3%#4 · 2021 | 8.9 µg/m³#37 · 2023 |
| Isle of Man | — | — | — | — | — | 2.7%#49 · 2022 | — | — |
| Kosovo | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6.4%#48 · 2021 | — |
| Liechtenstein | — | — | — | — | — | 56.9%#4 · 2022 | — | — |
| Monaco | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 11.4 µg/m³#32 · 2023 |
| Montenegro | — | — | — | — | — | 39.6%#8 · 2021 | 61.8%#17 · 2021 | 18.5 µg/m³#14 · 2023 |
| San Marino | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 12.7 µg/m³#28 · 2023 |
| Serbia | — | — | — | — | — | 27.2%#19 · 2021 | 35.0%#31 · 2021 | 19.3 µg/m³#12 · 2023 |
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)Ranks count group members with a value in the recent window.
within the group
Highest and lowest, indicator by indicator
CO₂ per person49 countries
- 1Gibraltar16.15 t2024
- 2Russia13.98 t2024
- 3Kazakhstan12.57 t2024
Lowest
- 49Faroe Islands0.04 t2024
- 48Tajikistan0.92 t2024
- 47Kyrgyzstan1.49 t2024
Median country 5.08 t · group 6.62 t
GHG per person49 countries
- 1Russia17.93 t2024
- 2Gibraltar16.75 t2024
- 3Kazakhstan16.04 t2024
Lowest
- 49Faroe Islands1.77 t2024
- 48Tajikistan2.10 t2024
- 47Albania3.00 t2024
Median country 6.88 t · group 8.65 t
GHG emissions49 countries
Lowest
- 49Faroe Islands0.1 Mt2024
- 48Gibraltar0.7 Mt2024
- 47Greenland0.7 Mt2024
Median country 52.6 Mt · group 7,953.3 Mt
CO₂ emissions49 countries
Lowest
- 49Faroe Islands0.0 Mt2024
- 48Greenland0.6 Mt2024
- 47Gibraltar0.6 Mt2024
Median country 34.2 Mt · group 6,082.4 Mt
Methane49 countries
Lowest
- 49Gibraltar0.0 Mt2024
- 48Faroe Islands0.0 Mt2024
- 47Greenland0.1 Mt2024
Median country 9.9 Mt · group 1,278.5 Mt
Renewable energy54 countries
Lowest
- 54Gibraltar0.0%2021
- 53Turkmenistan0.1%2021
- 52Uzbekistan1.0%2021
Median country 19.2% · group 15.1%
Renewable power51 countries
- 1Iceland100.0%2016
- 2Norway99.1%2021
- 3Tajikistan93.4%2021
Lowest
- 51Turkmenistan0.0%2021
- 50Belarus3.1%2021
- 49Azerbaijan5.8%2021
Median country 39.3% · group 34.4%
PM2.5 exposure52 countries
- 1Tajikistan33.3 µg/m³2023
- 2Uzbekistan32.8 µg/m³2023
- 3Turkmenistan31.2 µg/m³2023
Median country 12.9 µg/m³ · group 14.4 µg/m³
Forest cover57 countries
Median country 32.0% · group 38.6%
Farmland55 countries
- 1Turkmenistan84.3%2024
- 2Kazakhstan79.2%2024
- 3Moldova73.2%2024
Median country 43.6% · group 29.1%
Arable land53 countries
Lowest
- 53Faroe Islands0.1%2024
- 52Andorra0.3%2024
- 51Montenegro0.7%2024
Median country 16.5% · group 12.3%
Protected areas55 countries
- 1Monaco99.5%2025
- 2Liechtenstein44.8%2025
- 3United Kingdom42.1%2025
Lowest
- 55Faroe Islands0.0%2025
- 54Iceland2.9%2025
- 53Ireland4.0%2025
Median country 18.0% · group 13.2%
Water withdrawals47 countries
- 1Turkmenistan1,868.0%2022
- 2Uzbekistan262.5%2022
- 3Azerbaijan160.5%2022
Lowest
- 47Iceland0.2%2022
- 46Norway0.7%2022
- 45Bosnia and Herzegovina0.9%2022
Median country 15.6% · group 6.7%
Freshwater per person48 countries
Lowest
- 48Turkmenistan194 m³2022
- 47Uzbekistan468 m³2022
- 46Cyprus586 m³2022
Median country 3,152 m³ · group 7,674 m³
Cereal yield48 countries
- 1Ireland7,325 kg/ha2024
- 2Belgium6,856 kg/ha2024
- 3Netherlands6,806 kg/ha2024
Lowest
- 48Cyprus1,440 kg/ha2024
- 47Kazakhstan1,530 kg/ha2024
- 46Turkmenistan1,712 kg/ha2024
Median country 4,717 kg/ha · group 4,045 kg/ha
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