Sub-Saharan Africa · Low income
Madagascar: key statistics
Madagascar has 32.7m people (2025) and a GDP per person of $599. Below: 79 indicators with the latest year, world rank and change over ten years.
- Capital
- Antananarivo
- Region
- Sub-Saharan Africa
- Income group
- Low income
- Currency
- ariary MGA
- Languages
- French, Malagasy
- ISO codes
- MGMDG
- Land neighbours
- Comoros, France, Mozambique, Seychelles
Population32.7m2025 · rank 49 of 217GDP$19.6bn2025 · rank 136 of 211GDP per capita$5992025 · rank 208 of 211Life expectancy63.8 yrs2024 · rank 196 of 217Internet users18.7%2024 · rank 180 of 188Fertility3.912024 · rank 26 of 217CO₂ per person0.15 t2024 · rank 188 of 203Inflation8.1%2025 · rank 30 of 180
topic profiles
Madagascar, topic by topic
Each profile brings together the indicators of one topic with world and regional rank, values since 2000, group averages and a comparison with neighbours.
Population
Madagascar
GDP per capita
MadagascarSub-Saharan AfricaWorld
Life expectancy
MadagascarSub-Saharan AfricaWorld
Internet users
MadagascarSub-Saharan AfricaWorld
all indicators
Madagascar by topic
World rank counts countries with a value in the recent window; regional rank is within Sub-Saharan Africa.
PopulationFull population profile
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank | In region | 10-year change | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 32.7m | 2025 | 49/217 | 12/48 | +29% | 8.2bn | |
| Population growth | 2.40% | 2025 | 28/217 | 19/48 | −0.2 pp | 0.91% | |
| Urban share | 32.9% | 2025 | 188/217 | 36/48 | +3.7 pp | 57.8% | |
| Fertility | 3.91 | 2024 | 26/217 | 24/48 | −12% | 2.19 | |
| Aged 65+ | 3.5% | 2025 | 180/217 | 20/48 | +0.7 pp | 10.4% | |
| Aged 0–14 | 38.9% | 2025 | 29/217 | 27/48 | −3.0 pp | 24.4% | |
| Density | 54.9 | 2024 | 150/216 | 29/48 | +29% | 62.1 | |
| Birth rate | 31.7 | 2024 | 22/217 | 20/48 | −7.2% | 16.3 | |
| Area | 591,896 km² | 2024 | 48/216 | 19/48 | +0.8% | 140,539,257 km² |
EconomyFull economy profile
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank | In region | 10-year change | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDP | $19.6bn | 2025 | 136/211 | 25/46 | +73% | $118tn | |
| GDP per capita | $599 | 2025 | 208/211 | 44/46 | +35% | $14,406 | |
| GDP per capita, PPP | $1,952 | 2025 | 193/199 | 40/46 | +30% | $25,704 | |
| GNI per capita | $560 | 2025 | 199/201 | 45/46 | +19% | $14,244 | |
| GDP growth | 3.0% | 2025 | 115/210 | 36/46 | −0.1 pp | 2.9% | |
| GDP per capita growth | 0.6% | 2025 | 165/210 | 36/46 | +0.1 pp | 2.0% | |
| Agriculture share | 21.7% | 2025 | 31/198 | 22/45 | −4.0 pp | 4.0% | |
| Industry share | 23.9% | 2025 | 99/201 | 27/45 | +5.0 pp | 25.0% | |
| Services share | 48.8% | 2025 | 152/201 | 21/45 | −1.9 pp | 63.3% | |
| Investment | 24.1% | 2025 | 80/175 | 16/43 | +8.2 pp | 26.3% | |
| Savings | 16.5% | 2025 | 115/163 | 22/39 | +3.6 pp | 26.0% |
Prices & public financeFull prices & public finance profile
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank | In region | 10-year change | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflation | 8.1% | 2025 | 30/180 | 14/44 | +0.6 pp | 3.0% | |
| Real interest rate | 47.6% | 2025 | 2/136 | 1/36 | +0.5 pp | — | |
| Lending rate | 60.0% | 2025 | 1/136 | 1/36 | +3.3 pp | — | |
| Exchange rate | 4,529.75 | 2025 | 9/210 | 2/47 | +54% | — | |
| Tax revenue | 10.9% | 2024 | 116/142 | 23/32 | +2.5 pp | 13.9% | |
| Government expense | 11.0% | 2023 | 135/142 | 30/32 | +1.6 pp | 28.5% | |
| External debt | 39.2% | 2024 | 69/119 | 26/43 | +15.0 pp | — | |
| Military spending | 0.62% | 2025 | 137/156 | 39/45 | +0.1 pp | 2.48% |
Trade & investmentFull trade & investment profile
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank | In region | 10-year change | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exports | 21.3% | 2025 | 143/184 | 28/43 | −7.1 pp | 29.5% | |
| Imports | 32.9% | 2025 | 123/184 | 21/43 | +0.1 pp | 28.5% | |
| Trade openness | 54.2% | 2025 | 137/184 | 25/43 | −7.0 pp | 68.5% | |
| Current account | -5.2% | 2025 | 134/185 | 26/42 | −2.9 pp | — | |
| FDI inflows | 4.5% | 2025 | 45/197 | 14/46 | +1.6 pp | 1.4% | |
| Remittances | 3.1% | 2025 | 77/178 | 21/41 | +0.3 pp | 0.8% | |
| Tourist arrivals | 87,100 | 2020 | 169/196 | 34/42 | −24% | 2.4bn |
LabourFull labour profile
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank | In region | 10-year change | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unemployment | 3.0% | 2025 | 146/187 | 34/47 | +1.3 pp | 4.8% | |
| Youth unemployment | 5.2% | 2025 | 161/187 | 34/47 | +1.9 pp | 13.4% | |
| Participation rate | 85.5% | 2025 | 2/187 | 1/47 | −0.5 pp | 61.0% | |
| Women's participation | 82.9% | 2025 | 1/187 | 1/47 | −0.3 pp | 48.9% |
Aid, poverty & equalityFull aid, poverty & equality profile
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank | In region | 10-year change | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net ODA received | $1.3bn | 2023 | 35/145 | 21/48 | +151% | $259bn | |
| ODA, % of GNI | 8.0% | 2023 | 30/139 | 13/47 | +3.8 pp | 0.2% | |
| ODA per person | $40.2 | 2023 | 96/145 | 39/48 | +94% | $32.2 | |
| Extreme poverty | 69.2% | 2021 | 8/151 | 8/44 | +3.9 pp | 10.1% | |
| Poverty, $4.20/day | 83.9% | 2021 | 7/151 | 7/44 | +4.1 pp | 18.2% | |
| National poverty rate | 75.2% | 2021 | 2/145 | 2/45 | — | — | |
| Gini index | 36.8 | 2021 | 59/151 | 29/44 | −13% | — | |
| Undernourishment | 41.8% | 2024 | 3/167 | 2/44 | +9.4 pp | 8.1% | |
| Women in parliament | 14.1% | 2025 | 153/190 | 38/46 | −6.4 pp | 27.2% |
EducationFull education profile
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank | In region | 10-year change | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult literacy | 74.7% | 2021 | 108/141 | 16/41 | +4.0 pp | 87.7% | |
| Female literacy | 71.8% | 2021 | 110/147 | 16/41 | +6.5 pp | 84.6% | |
| Primary enrolment | 132.7% | 2024 | 5/191 | 4/41 | −4.7 pp | 102.2% | |
| Secondary enrolment | 34.1% | 2021 | 170/176 | 28/34 | ±0.0 pp | 77.3% | |
| Tertiary enrolment | 6.1% | 2023 | 163/172 | 27/34 | +2.0 pp | 43.6% | |
| Primary completion | 60.7% | 2024 | 157/168 | 27/36 | −4.2 pp | 88.0% | |
| Pupils per teacher | 39.8 | 2018 | 20/173 | 16/40 | −16% | 23.4 | |
| Education spending | 3.0% | 2023 | 141/184 | 26/43 | +1.3 pp | 3.6% |
HealthFull health profile
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank | In region | 10-year change | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 63.8 yrs | 2024 | 196/217 | 28/48 | +0.9% | 73.5 yrs | |
| Infant mortality | 43.0 | 2024 | 22/196 | 19/48 | −1.8% | 27.7 | |
| Under-5 mortality | 62.4 | 2024 | 19/196 | 19/48 | −5.0% | 37.4 | |
| Maternal mortality | 445 | 2023 | 12/194 | 11/48 | −7.5% | 197 | |
| Health spending | 3.4% | 2023 | 170/193 | 38/48 | −0.3 pp | 10.1% | |
| Health spending per person | $17.4 | 2023 | 193/193 | 48/48 | −9.8% | $1,317 | |
| Physicians | 0.17 | 2022 | 158/180 | 27/46 | +26% | 1.86 | |
| Measles vaccination | 46% | 2024 | 187/193 | 45/48 | −20.0 pp | 84% | |
| HIV prevalence | 0.5% | 2024 | 65/153 | 37/44 | +0.2 pp | 0.7% | |
| Child stunting | 39.8% | 2021 | 10/154 | 5/46 | −10.1 pp | — | |
| Basic water | 55.3% | 2024 | 199/206 | 40/46 | +7.9 pp | 91.5% | |
| Basic sanitation | 15.4% | 2024 | 199/203 | 42/46 | +4.8 pp | 82.2% |
Digital & energy accessFull digital & energy access profile
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank | In region | 10-year change | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet users | 18.7% | 2024 | 180/188 | 39/46 | +15.0 pp | 73.6% | |
| Mobile subscriptions | 75.5 | 2023 | 171/210 | 30/48 | +115% | 111.5 | |
| Fixed broadband | 0.1 | 2023 | 192/208 | 36/48 | −21% | 20.1 | |
| Electricity access | 42.5% | 2024 | 204/215 | 37/48 | +19.5 pp | 91.9% | |
| Clean cooking | 2.0% | 2024 | 184/192 | 40/48 | +1.0 pp | 75.4% |
EnvironmentFull environment profile
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank | In region | 10-year change | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO₂ per person | 0.15 t | 2024 | 188/203 | 41/47 | +16% | 4.69 t | |
| Renewable energy | 83.1% | 2022 | 9/212 | 9/48 | −0.2 pp | 19.7% | |
| Renewable power | 34.1% | 2021 | 86/206 | 24/48 | −17.2 pp | 27.8% | |
| Forest cover | 17.3% | 2024 | 140/214 | 32/48 | −2.2 pp | 31.1% | |
| Arable land | 5.2% | 2024 | 136/206 | 34/48 | ±0.0 pp | 10.7% | |
| Water withdrawals | 4.0% | 2022 | 114/177 | 23/47 | ±0.0 pp | 9.0% |
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
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