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Environment · Sub-Saharan Africa · Low income

Madagascar: environment and emissions

CO₂ per person is 0.15 t (2024), 188th of 203 in the world and 41st of 47 in Sub-Saharan Africa. GHG per person is 1.12 t (2024), 180th of 203 in the world and 37th of 47 in Sub-Saharan Africa. GHG emissions is 35.8 Mt (2024), 100th of 203 in the world and 17th of 47 in Sub-Saharan Africa.

CO₂ per person0.15 t2024 · world 188/203 · region 41/47GHG per person1.12 t2024 · world 180/203 · region 37/47GHG emissions35.8 Mt2024 · world 100/203 · region 17/47CO₂ emissions4.7 Mt2024 · world 139/203 · region 27/47
CO₂ per person
MadagascarSub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeWorld
0.02.04.06.0199520002005201020152020Madagascar0.15 tSub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeWorld
GHG per person
MadagascarSub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeWorld
0.02.04.06.08.0199520002005201020152020Madagascar1.12 tSub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeWorld
15 indicators

Environment: Madagascar in detail

Latest reported value, world rank and rank within Sub-Saharan Africa; values around 2000, 2010, 2020; group and world columns are World Bank aggregates.

IndicatorLatestWorld rankIn region~2000~2010~202010-year changeRegionIncome groupWorldSince 2000
CO₂ per personCO₂ emissions per capita, tonnes0.15 t2024188/20341/470.10 t0.09 t0.11 t+16%since 20140.70 t0.30 t4.69 t
GHG per personGreenhouse gas emissions per person, t CO₂e1.12 t2024180/20337/471.53 t1.31 t1.10 t−11%since 20141.91 t1.43 t6.36 t
GHG emissionsTotal greenhouse gas emissions excl. land use, Mt CO₂e35.8 Mt2024100/20317/4725.3 Mt29.0 Mt31.9 Mt+15%since 20142,444.8 Mt1,053.9 Mt53,206.4 Mt
CO₂ emissionsCO₂ emissions, total excl. land use, Mt4.7 Mt2024139/20327/471.7 Mt2.0 Mt3.1 Mt+49%since 2014896.3 Mt224.0 Mt39,632.7 Mt
MethaneMethane emissions, Mt CO₂e25.4 Mt202463/20314/4718.4 Mt21.6 Mt23.1 Mt+14%since 20141,179.9 Mt619.9 Mt9,536.5 Mt
Renewable energyRenewable energy, % of final energy consumption83.1%20229/2129/4882.2%86.7%84.7%−0.2 ppsince 201270.3%74.6%19.7%
Renewable powerRenewable electricity, % of output34.1%202186/20624/4868.5%61.1%42.2%−17.2 ppsince 201132.6%59.1%27.8%
PM2.5 exposurePM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure, µg/m³12.4 µg/m³2023139/20046/4811.1 µg/m³16.6 µg/m³12.4 µg/m³−13%since 201335.4 µg/m³31.3 µg/m³32.9 µg/m³
Forest coverForest area, % of land area17.3%2024140/21432/4822.4%20.5%18.1%−2.2 ppsince 201425.7%19.9%31.1%
FarmlandAgricultural land, % of land area70.4%202421/21011/4868.6%70.3%70.3%+0.1 ppsince 201444.7%42.1%36.9%
Arable landArable land, % of land area5.2%2024136/20634/485.0%5.2%5.2%±0.0 ppsince 201410.0%9.4%10.7%
Protected areasTerrestrial and marine protected areas, % of territory5.1%2025145/21335/48··3.1%+3.2 ppsince 201514.0%10.3%17.0%
Water withdrawalsFreshwater withdrawals, % of internal resources4.0%2022114/17723/474.0%4.0%4.0%±0.0 ppsince 20123.4%5.1%9.0%
Freshwater per personRenewable internal freshwater per person, m³11,072 m³202242/1838/4720,404 m³15,192 m³11,639 m³−23%since 20123,162 m³3,260 m³5,393 m³
Cereal yieldCereal yield, kg per hectare2,393 kg/ha2024109/1796/461,891 kg/ha3,272 kg/ha2,469 kg/ha−20%since 20141,453 kg/ha1,345 kg/ha4,229 kg/ha
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)“·” — no value reported within two years of that date. World rank counts countries with a recent value.

Better than ten years ago

Worse than ten years ago

Only indicators where higher or lower is clearly better are rated (for example, unemployment down is better, life expectancy up is better).

neighbours

Madagascar and its neighbours

Countries sharing a land border with Madagascar. Latest values since 2005; the highest in each row is marked.

IndicatorMadagascarFranceMozambiqueComorosSeychelles
CO₂ per person0.15 t20244.00 t20240.29 t20240.51 t20247.24 t2024
GHG per person1.12 t20245.52 t20240.97 t20241.10 t20248.05 t2024
GHG emissions35.8 Mt2024378.1 Mt202433.6 Mt20240.9 Mt20241.0 Mt2024
CO₂ emissions4.7 Mt2024274.5 Mt202410.1 Mt20240.4 Mt20240.9 Mt2024
Methane25.4 Mt202467.0 Mt202418.7 Mt20240.4 Mt20240.1 Mt2024
Renewable energy83.1%202216.2%202176.9%202139.3%20221.9%2022
Renewable power34.1%202122.8%202182.7%20210.0%20214.5%2021
PM2.5 exposure12.4 µg/m³20238.2 µg/m³202313.7 µg/m³202310.2 µg/m³20239.3 µg/m³2023
Forest cover17.3%202432.9%202441.3%202417.8%202458.5%2024
France: environmentMozambique: environmentComoros: environmentSeychelles: environment
Environment in Sub-Saharan Africaall 48 economies rankedEnvironment: low-income countries25 economies rankedEnvironment: world leaderboardstop and bottom countriesMadagascar: all key statisticscountry profile