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Labour · SL.EMP.VULN.ZS
Vulnerable employment, % of total employment (ILO): ranking of countries
187 countries ranked by their latest value (2021–2025). Chad is highest at 90.2%; Qatar is lowest at 0.5%.
World 42.4% (2025)Median country 28.4%187 countries
Vulnerable employment: world and regions, 1994–2025
WorldEast Asia & PacificEurope & Central AsiaLatin America & CaribbeanMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & PakistanNorth AmericaSouth AsiaSub-Saharan Africa
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)Regional lines are World Bank aggregates.
Highest ten
full ranking
All 187 countries
Latest value for each country; the year column shows when it was reported.
187 shown
| # | Country | Region | Vulnerable employment | Year | Relative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chad | Sub-Saharan Africa | 90.2% | 2025 | |
| 2 | Sierra Leone | Sub-Saharan Africa | 86.0% | 2025 | |
| 3 | Madagascar | Sub-Saharan Africa | 84.4% | 2025 | |
| 4 | Ethiopia | Sub-Saharan Africa | 84.1% | 2025 | |
| 5 | Niger | Sub-Saharan Africa | 83.7% | 2025 | |
| 6 | Mozambique | Sub-Saharan Africa | 83.7% | 2025 | |
| 7 | Burundi | Sub-Saharan Africa | 83.7% | 2025 | |
| 8 | Tanzania | Sub-Saharan Africa | 83.7% | 2025 | |
| 9 | Afghanistan | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 81.8% | 2025 | |
| 10 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | Sub-Saharan Africa | 81.5% | 2025 | |
| 11 | Burkina Faso | Sub-Saharan Africa | 80.6% | 2025 | |
| 12 | South Sudan | Sub-Saharan Africa | 80.3% | 2023 | |
| 13 | Central African Republic | Sub-Saharan Africa | 79.4% | 2025 | |
| 14 | Guinea | Sub-Saharan Africa | 79.2% | 2025 | |
| 15 | Benin | Sub-Saharan Africa | 78.5% | 2025 | |
| 16 | Nepal | South Asia | 77.0% | 2025 | |
| 17 | Liberia | Sub-Saharan Africa | 76.9% | 2025 | |
| 18 | Laos | East Asia & Pacific | 76.4% | 2025 | |
| 19 | Haiti | Latin America & Caribbean | 76.0% | 2025 | |
| 20 | Republic of the Congo | Sub-Saharan Africa | 75.9% | 2025 | |
| 21 | Mali | Sub-Saharan Africa | 75.8% | 2025 | |
| 22 | Togo | Sub-Saharan Africa | 75.0% | 2025 | |
| 23 | Guinea-Bissau | Sub-Saharan Africa | 74.9% | 2025 | |
| 24 | Uganda | Sub-Saharan Africa | 74.4% | 2025 | |
| 25 | India | South Asia | 71.6% | 2025 | |
| 26 | Papua New Guinea | East Asia & Pacific | 71.2% | 2025 | |
| 27 | Zambia | Sub-Saharan Africa | 70.2% | 2025 | |
| 28 | Côte d'Ivoire | Sub-Saharan Africa | 69.4% | 2025 | |
| 29 | Bhutan | South Asia | 69.0% | 2025 | |
| 30 | Solomon Islands | East Asia & Pacific | 68.7% | 2025 | |
| 31 | Zimbabwe | Sub-Saharan Africa | 68.2% | 2025 | |
| 32 | Cameroon | Sub-Saharan Africa | 67.6% | 2025 | |
| 33 | Nigeria | Sub-Saharan Africa | 66.5% | 2025 | |
| 34 | Angola | Sub-Saharan Africa | 66.3% | 2025 | |
| 35 | Kenya | Sub-Saharan Africa | 63.8% | 2025 | |
| 36 | The Gambia | Sub-Saharan Africa | 63.5% | 2025 | |
| 37 | Senegal | Sub-Saharan Africa | 63.0% | 2025 | |
| 38 | Myanmar | East Asia & Pacific | 62.9% | 2025 | |
| 39 | Bolivia | Latin America & Caribbean | 62.7% | 2025 | |
| 40 | Ghana | Sub-Saharan Africa | 60.0% | 2025 | |
| 41 | Malawi | Sub-Saharan Africa | 59.9% | 2025 | |
| 42 | Timor-Leste | East Asia & Pacific | 58.6% | 2025 | |
| 43 | Moldova | Europe & Central Asia | 58.6% | 2025 | |
| 44 | Vanuatu | East Asia & Pacific | 58.0% | 2025 | |
| 45 | Bangladesh | South Asia | 57.3% | 2025 | |
| 46 | Comoros | Sub-Saharan Africa | 56.8% | 2025 | |
| 47 | North Korea | East Asia & Pacific | 56.8% | 2025 | |
| 48 | Pakistan | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 55.5% | 2025 | |
| 49 | Azerbaijan | Europe & Central Asia | 53.8% | 2025 | |
| 50 | Mauritania | Sub-Saharan Africa | 53.3% | 2025 | |
| 51 | Cambodia | East Asia & Pacific | 52.3% | 2025 | |
| 52 | Vietnam | East Asia & Pacific | 51.4% | 2025 | |
| 53 | Ecuador | Latin America & Caribbean | 50.1% | 2025 | |
| 54 | Indonesia | East Asia & Pacific | 50.0% | 2025 | |
| 55 | Thailand | East Asia & Pacific | 48.0% | 2025 | |
| 56 | Eritrea | Sub-Saharan Africa | 47.9% | 2025 | |
| 57 | Peru | Latin America & Caribbean | 47.5% | 2025 | |
| 58 | Albania | Europe & Central Asia | 46.0% | 2025 | |
| 59 | Somalia | Sub-Saharan Africa | 46.0% | 2025 | |
| 60 | Yemen | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 45.6% | 2025 | |
| 61 | Colombia | Latin America & Caribbean | 43.0% | 2025 | |
| 62 | Georgia | Europe & Central Asia | 42.4% | 2025 | |
| 63 | Samoa | East Asia & Pacific | 41.6% | 2025 | |
| 64 | Sudan | Sub-Saharan Africa | 39.7% | 2022 | |
| 65 | Iran | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 39.5% | 2025 | |
| 66 | Rwanda | Sub-Saharan Africa | 39.4% | 2025 | |
| 67 | Sri Lanka | South Asia | 39.2% | 2025 | |
| 68 | Nicaragua | Latin America & Caribbean | 38.9% | 2025 | |
| 69 | Syria | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 38.9% | 2025 | |
| 70 | Mongolia | East Asia & Pacific | 38.4% | 2025 | |
| 71 | Dominican Republic | Latin America & Caribbean | 38.0% | 2025 | |
| 72 | Panama | Latin America & Caribbean | 37.9% | 2025 | |
| 73 | Venezuela | Latin America & Caribbean | 37.3% | 2025 | |
| 74 | Guatemala | Latin America & Caribbean | 36.2% | 2025 | |
| 75 | Paraguay | Latin America & Caribbean | 36.1% | 2025 | |
| 76 | Morocco | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 35.5% | 2025 | |
| 77 | São Tomé and Príncipe | Sub-Saharan Africa | 35.0% | 2025 | |
| 78 | Cabo Verde | Sub-Saharan Africa | 34.3% | 2025 | |
| 79 | Honduras | Latin America & Caribbean | 33.9% | 2025 | |
| 80 | Tonga | East Asia & Pacific | 33.7% | 2025 | |
| 81 | Philippines | East Asia & Pacific | 33.6% | 2025 | |
| 82 | China | East Asia & Pacific | 33.4% | 2025 | |
| 83 | Uzbekistan | Europe & Central Asia | 33.3% | 2025 | |
| 84 | Armenia | Europe & Central Asia | 32.8% | 2025 | |
| 85 | Fiji | East Asia & Pacific | 32.8% | 2025 | |
| 86 | Lesotho | Sub-Saharan Africa | 32.6% | 2025 | |
| 87 | Jamaica | Latin America & Caribbean | 31.6% | 2025 | |
| 88 | El Salvador | Latin America & Caribbean | 30.8% | 2025 | |
| 89 | Djibouti | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 30.3% | 2025 | |
| 90 | Namibia | Sub-Saharan Africa | 29.9% | 2025 | |
| 91 | Belize | Latin America & Caribbean | 29.8% | 2025 | |
| 92 | Gabon | Sub-Saharan Africa | 29.8% | 2025 | |
| 93 | Kyrgyzstan | Europe & Central Asia | 29.0% | 2025 | |
| 94 | Eswatini | Sub-Saharan Africa | 28.4% | 2025 | |
| 95 | Turkmenistan | Europe & Central Asia | 28.3% | 2025 | |
| 96 | Tajikistan | Europe & Central Asia | 28.0% | 2025 | |
| 97 | Iraq | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 27.1% | 2025 | |
| 98 | Brazil | Latin America & Caribbean | 26.1% | 2025 | |
| 99 | Botswana | Sub-Saharan Africa | 25.6% | 2025 | |
| 100 | Algeria | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 25.6% | 2025 | |
| 101 | Guyana | Latin America & Caribbean | 25.3% | 2025 | |
| 102 | Mexico | Latin America & Caribbean | 25.3% | 2025 | |
| 103 | Kazakhstan | Europe & Central Asia | 24.8% | 2025 | |
| 104 | Uruguay | Latin America & Caribbean | 24.4% | 2025 | |
| 105 | Egypt | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 23.9% | 2025 | |
| 106 | Türkiye | Europe & Central Asia | 23.9% | 2025 | |
| 107 | Serbia | Europe & Central Asia | 23.9% | 2025 | |
| 108 | Costa Rica | Latin America & Caribbean | 23.4% | 2025 | |
| 109 | Equatorial Guinea | Sub-Saharan Africa | 23.1% | 2025 | |
| 110 | Greece | Europe & Central Asia | 23.1% | 2025 | |
| 111 | Argentina | Latin America & Caribbean | 22.3% | 2025 | |
| 112 | Saint Lucia | Latin America & Caribbean | 22.0% | 2025 | |
| 113 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Latin America & Caribbean | 22.0% | 2025 | |
| 114 | Malaysia | East Asia & Pacific | 21.9% | 2025 | |
| 115 | Libya | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 21.6% | 2025 | |
| 116 | Trinidad and Tobago | Latin America & Caribbean | 21.2% | 2025 | |
| 117 | Chile | Latin America & Caribbean | 20.9% | 2025 | |
| 118 | Lebanon | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 19.4% | 2023 | |
| 119 | Cuba | Latin America & Caribbean | 19.3% | 2025 | |
| 120 | Ukraine | Europe & Central Asia | 19.0% | 2021 | |
| 121 | Barbados | Latin America & Caribbean | 18.8% | 2025 | |
| 122 | West Bank and Gaza | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 18.4% | 2022 | |
| 123 | Suriname | Latin America & Caribbean | 18.4% | 2025 | |
| 124 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Europe & Central Asia | 18.1% | 2025 | |
| 125 | Tunisia | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 17.9% | 2025 | |
| 126 | South Korea | East Asia & Pacific | 17.7% | 2025 | |
| 127 | Maldives | South Asia | 16.9% | 2025 | |
| 128 | Bahamas | Latin America & Caribbean | 15.9% | 2025 | |
| 129 | Poland | Europe & Central Asia | 15.0% | 2025 | |
| 130 | Mauritius | Sub-Saharan Africa | 14.9% | 2025 | |
| 131 | French Polynesia | East Asia & Pacific | 14.8% | 2025 | |
| 132 | Italy | Europe & Central Asia | 14.3% | 2025 | |
| 133 | Montenegro | Europe & Central Asia | 14.3% | 2025 | |
| 134 | New Caledonia | East Asia & Pacific | 14.2% | 2025 | |
| 135 | Czechia | Europe & Central Asia | 13.5% | 2025 | |
| 136 | Netherlands | Europe & Central Asia | 13.4% | 2025 | |
| 137 | Romania | Europe & Central Asia | 13.0% | 2025 | |
| 138 | New Zealand | East Asia & Pacific | 12.6% | 2025 | |
| 139 | North Macedonia | Europe & Central Asia | 12.3% | 2025 | |
| 140 | Slovakia | Europe & Central Asia | 11.8% | 2025 | |
| 141 | Guam | East Asia & Pacific | 11.8% | 2025 | |
| 142 | South Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa | 11.7% | 2025 | |
| 143 | United Kingdom | Europe & Central Asia | 11.5% | 2025 | |
| 144 | Belgium | Europe & Central Asia | 11.0% | 2025 | |
| 145 | Slovenia | Europe & Central Asia | 10.6% | 2025 | |
| 146 | Lithuania | Europe & Central Asia | 10.4% | 2025 | |
| 147 | Puerto Rico | Latin America & Caribbean | 10.3% | 2025 | |
| 148 | Spain | Europe & Central Asia | 10.1% | 2025 | |
| 149 | Malta | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 10.1% | 2025 | |
| 150 | Portugal | Europe & Central Asia | 9.7% | 2025 | |
| 151 | Ireland | Europe & Central Asia | 9.6% | 2025 | |
| 152 | Switzerland | Europe & Central Asia | 9.6% | 2025 | |
| 153 | Canada | North America | 9.6% | 2025 | |
| 154 | Finland | Europe & Central Asia | 9.5% | 2025 | |
| 155 | Singapore | East Asia & Pacific | 9.3% | 2025 | |
| 156 | Australia | East Asia & Pacific | 9.1% | 2025 | |
| 157 | Latvia | Europe & Central Asia | 8.6% | 2025 | |
| 158 | France | Europe & Central Asia | 8.5% | 2025 | |
| 159 | Iceland | Europe & Central Asia | 8.4% | 2025 | |
| 160 | Cyprus | Europe & Central Asia | 8.4% | 2025 | |
| 161 | Jordan | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 7.9% | 2025 | |
| 162 | Austria | Europe & Central Asia | 7.9% | 2025 | |
| 163 | Hungary | Europe & Central Asia | 7.8% | 2025 | |
| 164 | Israel | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 7.7% | 2025 | |
| 165 | Japan | East Asia & Pacific | 7.5% | 2025 | |
| 166 | Estonia | Europe & Central Asia | 7.1% | 2025 | |
| 167 | Luxembourg | Europe & Central Asia | 6.9% | 2025 | |
| 168 | Bulgaria | Europe & Central Asia | 6.9% | 2025 | |
| 169 | Sweden | Europe & Central Asia | 6.9% | 2025 | |
| 170 | Croatia | Europe & Central Asia | 6.3% | 2025 | |
| 171 | Belarus | Europe & Central Asia | 6.3% | 2025 | |
| 172 | Hong Kong | East Asia & Pacific | 5.8% | 2025 | |
| 173 | US Virgin Islands | Latin America & Caribbean | 5.5% | 2025 | |
| 174 | Denmark | Europe & Central Asia | 5.4% | 2025 | |
| 175 | Russia | Europe & Central Asia | 4.9% | 2025 | |
| 176 | Brunei | East Asia & Pacific | 4.5% | 2025 | |
| 177 | Germany | Europe & Central Asia | 4.3% | 2025 | |
| 178 | Channel Islands | Europe & Central Asia | 4.2% | 2025 | |
| 179 | Norway | Europe & Central Asia | 4.2% | 2025 | |
| 180 | Oman | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 3.8% | 2025 | |
| 181 | United States | North America | 3.8% | 2025 | |
| 182 | Macao | East Asia & Pacific | 3.3% | 2025 | |
| 183 | Kuwait | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 2.4% | 2025 | |
| 184 | Saudi Arabia | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 1.7% | 2025 | |
| 185 | United Arab Emirates | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 1.5% | 2025 | |
| 186 | Bahrain | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 0.7% | 2025 | |
| 187 | Qatar | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 0.5% | 2025 |
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)