Europe & Central Asia · High income
Romania: key statistics
Romania has 19.0m people (2025) and a GDP per person of $22,538. Below: 75 indicators with the latest year, world rank and change over ten years.
- Capital
- Bucharest
- Region
- Europe & Central Asia
- Income group
- High income
- Currency
- Romanian leu RON
- Languages
- Romanian
- ISO codes
- ROROU
Population19.0m2025 · rank 67 of 217GDP$429bn2025 · rank 38 of 211GDP per capita$22,5382025 · rank 71 of 211Life expectancy76.5 yrs2024 · rank 94 of 217Internet users91.3%2024 · rank 48 of 188Fertility1.392024 · rank 179 of 217CO₂ per person3.72 t2024 · rank 78 of 203Inflation7.2%2025 · rank 34 of 180
topic profiles
Romania, topic by topic
Each profile brings together the indicators of one topic with world and regional rank, values since 2000, group averages and a comparison with neighbours.
Population
Romania
GDP per capita
RomaniaEurope & Central AsiaWorld
Life expectancy
RomaniaEurope & Central AsiaWorld
Internet users
RomaniaEurope & Central AsiaWorld
all indicators
Romania by topic
World rank counts countries with a value in the recent window; regional rank is within Europe & Central Asia.
PopulationFull population profile
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank | In region | 10-year change | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 19.0m | 2025 | 67/217 | 12/58 | −4.0% | 8.2bn | |
| Population growth | -0.17% | 2025 | 186/217 | 45/58 | +0.3 pp | 0.91% | |
| Urban share | 52.2% | 2025 | 150/217 | 48/58 | −1.5 pp | 57.8% | |
| Fertility | 1.39 | 2024 | 179/217 | 37/58 | −11% | 2.19 | |
| Aged 65+ | 20.1% | 2025 | 38/217 | 30/58 | +2.9 pp | 10.4% | |
| Aged 0–14 | 15.6% | 2025 | 173/217 | 31/58 | −0.1 pp | 24.4% | |
| Density | 82.8 | 2024 | 121/216 | 32/57 | −4.3% | 62.1 | |
| Birth rate | 7.5 | 2024 | 198/217 | 47/58 | −25% | 16.3 | |
| Area | 238,397 km² | 2024 | 82/216 | 17/57 | ±0.0% | 140,539,257 km² |
EconomyFull economy profile
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank | In region | 10-year change | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDP | $429bn | 2025 | 38/211 | 17/57 | +141% | $118tn | |
| GDP per capita | $22,538 | 2025 | 71/211 | 37/57 | +151% | $14,406 | |
| GDP per capita, PPP | $50,895 | 2025 | 52/199 | 29/53 | +135% | $25,704 | |
| GNI per capita | $20,190 | 2025 | 66/201 | 33/53 | +110% | $14,244 | |
| GDP growth | 0.7% | 2025 | 181/210 | 47/56 | −2.5 pp | 2.9% | |
| GDP per capita growth | 0.8% | 2025 | 155/210 | 40/56 | −2.8 pp | 2.0% | |
| Agriculture share | 3.0% | 2025 | 128/198 | 25/56 | −1.4 pp | 4.0% | |
| Industry share | 25.3% | 2025 | 81/201 | 17/57 | −5.5 pp | 25.0% | |
| Services share | 61.7% | 2025 | 74/201 | 28/57 | +9.1 pp | 63.3% | |
| Investment | 25.9% | 2025 | 58/175 | 16/51 | +0.4 pp | 26.3% | |
| Savings | 18.0% | 2025 | 107/163 | 37/49 | −6.8 pp | 26.0% |
Prices & public financeFull prices & public finance profile
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank | In region | 10-year change | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflation | 7.2% | 2025 | 34/180 | 8/49 | +7.8 pp | 3.0% | |
| Real interest rate | 0.3% | 2025 | 113/136 | 20/24 | −3.1 pp | — | |
| Lending rate | 8.5% | 2025 | 69/136 | 12/24 | +1.8 pp | — | |
| Exchange rate | 4.47 | 2025 | 121/210 | 21/57 | +12% | — | |
| Tax revenue | 16.2% | 2024 | 75/142 | 39/48 | −1.7 pp | 13.9% | |
| Government expense | 37.3% | 2022 | 26/142 | 19/47 | +5.0 pp | 28.5% | |
| Military spending | 2.28% | 2025 | 49/156 | 18/47 | +0.8 pp | 2.48% |
Trade & investmentFull trade & investment profile
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank | In region | 10-year change | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exports | 35.5% | 2025 | 94/184 | 40/52 | −5.9 pp | 29.5% | |
| Imports | 40.7% | 2025 | 101/184 | 40/52 | −1.4 pp | 28.5% | |
| Trade openness | 76.2% | 2025 | 106/184 | 42/52 | −7.3 pp | 68.5% | |
| Current account | -7.9% | 2025 | 150/185 | 44/50 | −7.3 pp | — | |
| FDI inflows | 2.2% | 2025 | 96/197 | 24/51 | −0.2 pp | 1.4% | |
| Remittances | 2.5% | 2025 | 86/178 | 17/50 | −0.5 pp | 0.8% | |
| Tourist arrivals | 5.0m | 2020 | 37/196 | 22/51 | −33% | 2.4bn |
LabourFull labour profile
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank | In region | 10-year change | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unemployment | 6.0% | 2025 | 76/187 | 23/49 | −0.8 pp | 4.8% | |
| Youth unemployment | 24.5% | 2025 | 33/187 | 7/49 | +2.5 pp | 13.4% | |
| Participation rate | 51.3% | 2025 | 157/187 | 45/49 | +0.1 pp | 61.0% | |
| Women's participation | 41.8% | 2025 | 145/187 | 43/49 | −0.7 pp | 48.9% |
Aid, poverty & equalityFull aid, poverty & equality profile
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank | In region | 10-year change | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extreme poverty | 0.7% | 2023 | 101/151 | 17/47 | −8.0 pp | 10.1% | |
| Poverty, $4.20/day | 1.3% | 2023 | 101/151 | 13/47 | −14.2 pp | 18.2% | |
| National poverty rate | 18.4% | 2024 | 88/145 | 19/47 | −7.0 pp | — | |
| Gini index | 29.8 | 2023 | 124/151 | 29/47 | −19% | — | |
| Undernourishment | 2.5% | 2024 | 152/167 | 38/47 | ±0.0 pp | 8.1% | |
| Women in parliament | 22.4% | 2025 | 111/190 | 43/52 | +8.6 pp | 27.2% |
EducationFull education profile
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank | In region | 10-year change | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult literacy | 99.2% | 2021 | 22/141 | 19/27 | +0.6 pp | 87.7% | |
| Female literacy | 99.3% | 2021 | 18/147 | 14/28 | +1.1 pp | 84.6% | |
| Primary enrolment | 84.9% | 2023 | 174/191 | 53/53 | −11.3 pp | 102.2% | |
| Secondary enrolment | 81.6% | 2023 | 126/176 | 51/53 | −14.1 pp | 77.3% | |
| Tertiary enrolment | 55.2% | 2023 | 71/172 | 41/52 | +3.8 pp | 43.6% | |
| Primary completion | 81.0% | 2023 | 133/168 | 45/47 | −14.3 pp | 88.0% | |
| Pupils per teacher | 19.3 | 2017 | 84/173 | 5/48 | +17% | 23.4 | |
| Education spending | 3.3% | 2022 | 128/184 | 41/49 | +0.5 pp | 3.6% |
HealthFull health profile
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank | In region | 10-year change | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 76.5 yrs | 2024 | 94/217 | 43/58 | +2.1% | 73.5 yrs | |
| Infant mortality | 6.0 | 2024 | 141/196 | 14/52 | −28% | 27.7 | |
| Under-5 mortality | 7.3 | 2024 | 141/196 | 14/52 | −26% | 37.4 | |
| Maternal mortality | 12 | 2023 | 144/194 | 14/51 | −33% | 197 | |
| Health spending | 5.7% | 2023 | 112/193 | 46/52 | +0.5 pp | 10.1% | |
| Health spending per person | $1,051 | 2023 | 63/193 | 35/52 | +112% | $1,317 | |
| Physicians | 3.62 | 2022 | 40/180 | 28/50 | +40% | 1.86 | |
| Measles vaccination | 78% | 2024 | 152/193 | 47/51 | −11.0 pp | 84% | |
| HIV prevalence | 0.2% | 2024 | 103/153 | 18/35 | +0.1 pp | 0.7% | |
| Child stunting | 12.8% | 2002 | — | — | — | — | |
| Basic water | 100.0% | 2024 | 33/206 | 17/56 | ±0.0 pp | 91.5% | |
| Basic sanitation | 90.5% | 2024 | 113/203 | 50/54 | +8.1 pp | 82.2% |
Digital & energy accessFull digital & energy access profile
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank | In region | 10-year change | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet users | 91.3% | 2024 | 48/188 | 27/51 | +37.2 pp | 73.6% | |
| Mobile subscriptions | 119.8 | 2024 | 91/210 | 36/56 | +4.4% | 111.5 | |
| Fixed broadband | 35.8 | 2024 | 40/208 | 25/55 | +78% | 20.1 | |
| Electricity access | 100.0% | 2024 | 85/215 | 43/57 | +1.6 pp | 91.9% | |
| Clean cooking | 96.0% | 2024 | 83/192 | 41/51 | +8.0 pp | 75.4% |
EnvironmentFull environment profile
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank | In region | 10-year change | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO₂ per person | 3.72 t | 2024 | 78/203 | 38/49 | −6.2% | 4.69 t | |
| Renewable energy | 23.6% | 2021 | 97/212 | 21/54 | +2.5 pp | 19.7% | |
| Renewable power | 44.9% | 2021 | 67/206 | 20/51 | +18.3 pp | 27.8% | |
| Forest cover | 30.2% | 2024 | 112/214 | 32/57 | +0.6 pp | 31.1% | |
| Arable land | 36.4% | 2024 | 19/206 | 8/53 | −1.7 pp | 10.7% | |
| Water withdrawals | 19.2% | 2022 | 61/177 | 17/47 | +3.9 pp | 9.0% |
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
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