Europe & Central Asia · High income
Estonia: key statistics
Estonia has 1.4m people (2025) and a GDP per person of $34,418. Below: 73 indicators with the latest year, world rank and change over ten years.
- Capital
- Tallinn
- Region
- Europe & Central Asia
- Income group
- High income
- Currency
- euro EUR
- Languages
- Estonian
- ISO codes
- EEEST
Population1.4m2025 · rank 157 of 217GDP$47.0bn2025 · rank 103 of 211GDP per capita$34,4182025 · rank 51 of 211Life expectancy79.3 yrs2024 · rank 56 of 217Internet users92.2%2024 · rank 43 of 188Fertility1.182024 · rank 200 of 217CO₂ per person7.76 t2024 · rank 29 of 203Inflation4.8%2025 · rank 44 of 180
topic profiles
Estonia, topic by topic
Each profile brings together the indicators of one topic with world and regional rank, values since 2000, group averages and a comparison with neighbours.
Population
Estonia
GDP per capita
EstoniaEurope & Central AsiaWorld
Life expectancy
EstoniaEurope & Central AsiaWorld
Internet users
EstoniaEurope & Central AsiaWorld
all indicators
Estonia by topic
World rank counts countries with a value in the recent window; regional rank is within Europe & Central Asia.
PopulationFull population profile
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank | In region | 10-year change | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 1.4m | 2025 | 157/217 | 46/58 | +3.9% | 8.2bn | |
| Population growth | -0.43% | 2025 | 196/217 | 49/58 | −0.5 pp | 0.91% | |
| Urban share | 70.7% | 2025 | 86/217 | 25/58 | +2.2 pp | 57.8% | |
| Fertility | 1.18 | 2024 | 200/217 | 51/58 | −23% | 2.19 | |
| Aged 65+ | 21.8% | 2025 | 21/217 | 16/58 | +2.9 pp | 10.4% | |
| Aged 0–14 | 15.3% | 2025 | 175/217 | 32/58 | −0.8 pp | 24.4% | |
| Density | 32.1 | 2024 | 169/216 | 48/57 | +6.2% | 62.1 | |
| Birth rate | 7.1 | 2024 | 201/217 | 48/58 | −31% | 16.3 | |
| Area | 45,340 km² | 2024 | 130/216 | 37/57 | ±0.0% | 140,539,257 km² |
EconomyFull economy profile
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank | In region | 10-year change | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDP | $47.0bn | 2025 | 103/211 | 37/57 | +102% | $118tn | |
| GDP per capita | $34,418 | 2025 | 51/211 | 28/57 | +94% | $14,406 | |
| GDP per capita, PPP | $52,106 | 2025 | 49/199 | 27/53 | +75% | $25,704 | |
| GNI per capita | $32,310 | 2025 | 46/201 | 24/53 | +71% | $14,244 | |
| GDP growth | 0.6% | 2025 | 185/210 | 50/56 | −1.3 pp | 2.9% | |
| GDP per capita growth | 1.0% | 2025 | 145/210 | 35/56 | −0.8 pp | 2.0% | |
| Agriculture share | 1.6% | 2025 | 153/198 | 37/56 | −1.2 pp | 4.0% | |
| Industry share | 19.7% | 2025 | 128/201 | 36/57 | −3.4 pp | 25.0% | |
| Services share | 65.8% | 2025 | 52/201 | 17/57 | +5.1 pp | 63.3% | |
| Investment | 24.8% | 2025 | 68/175 | 21/51 | +0.2 pp | 26.3% | |
| Savings | 24.7% | 2025 | 64/163 | 20/49 | −1.7 pp | 26.0% |
Prices & public financeFull prices & public finance profile
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank | In region | 10-year change | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflation | 4.8% | 2025 | 44/180 | 11/49 | +5.3 pp | 3.0% | |
| Exchange rate | 0.88 | 2025 | 182/210 | 36/57 | −1.8% | — | |
| Tax revenue | 22.7% | 2024 | 32/142 | 18/48 | +2.0 pp | 13.9% | |
| Government expense | 37.7% | 2023 | 24/142 | 18/47 | +3.6 pp | 28.5% | |
| Military spending | 3.37% | 2025 | 20/156 | 7/47 | +1.4 pp | 2.48% |
Trade & investmentFull trade & investment profile
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank | In region | 10-year change | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exports | 78.4% | 2025 | 19/184 | 8/52 | +2.3 pp | 29.5% | |
| Imports | 77.4% | 2025 | 25/184 | 7/52 | +4.9 pp | 28.5% | |
| Trade openness | 155.8% | 2025 | 18/184 | 6/52 | +7.3 pp | 68.5% | |
| Current account | 0.4% | 2025 | 70/185 | 23/50 | −1.1 pp | — | |
| FDI inflows | -2.2% | 2025 | 190/197 | 48/51 | +0.9 pp | 1.4% | |
| Remittances | 1.1% | 2025 | 117/178 | 29/50 | −0.8 pp | 0.8% | |
| Tourist arrivals | 1.7m | 2020 | 76/196 | 35/51 | −61% | 2.4bn |
LabourFull labour profile
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank | In region | 10-year change | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unemployment | 8.3% | 2025 | 53/187 | 13/49 | +1.9 pp | 4.8% | |
| Youth unemployment | 19.7% | 2025 | 52/187 | 16/49 | +5.4 pp | 13.4% | |
| Participation rate | 65.1% | 2025 | 58/187 | 8/49 | +3.3 pp | 61.0% | |
| Women's participation | 61.0% | 2025 | 46/187 | 9/49 | +5.2 pp | 48.9% |
Aid, poverty & equalityFull aid, poverty & equality profile
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank | In region | 10-year change | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extreme poverty | 0.3% | 2023 | 122/151 | 28/47 | −0.8 pp | 10.1% | |
| Poverty, $4.20/day | 0.6% | 2023 | 119/151 | 26/47 | −1.3 pp | 18.2% | |
| National poverty rate | 22.5% | 2022 | 66/145 | 4/47 | +3.9 pp | — | |
| Gini index | 30.7 | 2023 | 114/151 | 24/47 | −13% | — | |
| Undernourishment | 2.5% | 2024 | 123/167 | 17/47 | ±0.0 pp | 8.1% | |
| Women in parliament | 28.7% | 2025 | 84/190 | 34/52 | +5.0 pp | 27.2% |
EducationFull education profile
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank | In region | 10-year change | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult literacy | 99.9% | 2011 | 7/141 | 6/27 | +0.1 pp | 87.7% | |
| Female literacy | 99.9% | 2011 | 5/147 | 4/28 | +0.2 pp | 84.6% | |
| Primary enrolment | 97.8% | 2024 | 116/191 | 40/53 | +0.2 pp | 102.2% | |
| Secondary enrolment | 108.5% | 2024 | 28/176 | 16/53 | +0.9 pp | 77.3% | |
| Tertiary enrolment | 65.7% | 2024 | 58/172 | 35/52 | −10.5 pp | 43.6% | |
| Primary completion | 99.9% | 2024 | 36/168 | 14/47 | +1.6 pp | 88.0% | |
| Pupils per teacher | 11.3 | 2017 | 152/173 | 34/48 | −12% | 23.4 | |
| Education spending | 5.2% | 2022 | 55/184 | 16/49 | +0.5 pp | 3.6% |
HealthFull health profile
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank | In region | 10-year change | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 79.3 yrs | 2024 | 56/217 | 31/58 | +2.9% | 73.5 yrs | |
| Infant mortality | 1.5 | 2024 | 195/196 | 51/52 | −42% | 27.7 | |
| Under-5 mortality | 2.0 | 2024 | 195/196 | 51/52 | −41% | 37.4 | |
| Maternal mortality | 5 | 2023 | 168/194 | 31/51 | −17% | 197 | |
| Health spending | 7.8% | 2024 | 65/193 | 27/52 | +1.6 pp | 10.1% | |
| Health spending per person | $2,438 | 2024 | 34/193 | 25/52 | +89% | $1,317 | |
| Physicians | 3.47 | 2022 | 46/180 | 33/50 | +5.6% | 1.86 | |
| Measles vaccination | 83% | 2024 | 135/193 | 45/51 | −10.0 pp | 84% | |
| HIV prevalence | 0.7% | 2024 | 55/153 | 2/35 | −0.1 pp | 0.7% | |
| Child stunting | 1.2% | 2014 | 150/154 | 25/28 | — | — | |
| Basic water | 100.0% | 2024 | 39/206 | 21/56 | +0.5 pp | 91.5% | |
| Basic sanitation | 99.0% | 2024 | 53/203 | 23/54 | ±0.0 pp | 82.2% |
Digital & energy accessFull digital & energy access profile
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank | In region | 10-year change | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet users | 92.2% | 2024 | 43/188 | 24/51 | +8.0 pp | 73.6% | |
| Mobile subscriptions | 151.1 | 2024 | 31/210 | 6/56 | +4.7% | 111.5 | |
| Fixed broadband | 35.4 | 2024 | 43/208 | 27/55 | +25% | 20.1 | |
| Electricity access | 100.0% | 2024 | 33/215 | 15/57 | ±0.0 pp | 91.9% | |
| Clean cooking | 96.0% | 2024 | 79/192 | 39/51 | +5.0 pp | 75.4% |
EnvironmentFull environment profile
| Indicator | Value | Year | World rank | In region | 10-year change | World | Since 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO₂ per person | 7.76 t | 2024 | 29/203 | 8/49 | −55% | 4.69 t | |
| Renewable energy | 38.0% | 2021 | 64/212 | 10/54 | +12.8 pp | 19.7% | |
| Renewable power | 40.0% | 2021 | 74/206 | 24/51 | +30.8 pp | 27.8% | |
| Forest cover | 57.2% | 2024 | 40/214 | 5/57 | +1.9 pp | 31.1% | |
| Arable land | 16.5% | 2024 | 66/206 | 27/53 | +1.5 pp | 10.7% | |
| Water withdrawals | 9.5% | 2022 | 87/177 | 27/47 | −3.3 pp | 9.0% |
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
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