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Labour · Europe & Central Asia · Upper-middle income

Turkmenistan: the labour market

Labour force is 2.2m (2025), 124th of 187 in the world and 33rd of 49 in Europe & Central Asia. Participation rate is 42.0% (2025), 173rd of 187 in the world and 48th of 49 in Europe & Central Asia. Women's participation is 38.2% (2025), 157th of 187 in the world and 47th of 49 in Europe & Central Asia.

Labour force2.2m2025 · world 124/187 · region 33/49Participation rate42.0%2025 · world 173/187 · region 48/49Women's participation38.2%2025 · world 157/187 · region 47/49Employment rate40.2%2025 · world 165/187 · region 48/49
Labour force
Turkmenistan
1.2m1.5m1.8m2.0m2.2m1995200020052010201520202025Turkmenistan2.2m
Participation rate
TurkmenistanEurope & Central AsiaUpper-middle incomeWorld
0%20%40%60%80%1995200020052010201520202025Turkmenistan42.0%Europe & Central AsiaUpper-middle incomeWorld
12 indicators

Labour: Turkmenistan in detail

Latest reported value, world rank and rank within Europe & Central Asia; values around 2000, 2010, 2020; group and world columns are World Bank aggregates.

IndicatorLatestWorld rankIn region~2000~2010~202010-year changeRegionIncome groupWorldSince 2000
Labour forceLabour force, total2.2m2025124/18733/491.5m1.8m2.0m+16%since 2015429m1.5bn3.7bn
Participation rateLabour force participation, % of 15+42.0%2025173/18748/4953.3%46.6%41.5%−1.5 ppsince 201558.2%62.7%61.0%
Women's participationFemale labour force participation, % of women 15+38.2%2025157/18747/4949.9%42.5%37.6%−1.2 ppsince 201551.1%53.4%48.9%
Employment rateEmployment to population ratio, 15+ (ILO)40.2%2025165/18748/4947.1%44.7%39.7%−1.5 ppsince 201555.1%59.5%58.1%
UnemploymentUnemployment, % of labour force (ILO)4.3%2025116/18738/4911.7%4.0%4.5%+0.3 ppsince 20155.4%5.2%4.8%
Female unemploymentFemale unemployment, % of female labour force (ILO)2.5%2025163/18747/496.6%2.4%2.6%+0.1 ppsince 20155.7%5.1%4.9%
Youth unemploymentYouth unemployment, ages 15–24 (ILO)10.0%2025116/18738/4922.4%8.4%10.2%+1.1 ppsince 201514.0%15.6%13.4%
Wage workersWage and salaried workers, % of total employment68.0%202595/18743/4957.8%62.6%66.9%+2.7 ppsince 201583.3%61.3%53.6%
Vulnerable employmentVulnerable employment, % of total employment (ILO)28.3%202595/1878/4938.7%33.7%29.4%−2.8 ppsince 201512.9%34.8%42.4%
Jobs in agricultureEmployment in agriculture, % of total employment21.9%202580/1878/4939.1%30.7%23.9%−4.1 ppsince 20156.7%19.8%25.8%
Jobs in industryEmployment in industry, % of total employment28.6%202525/18710/4925.1%27.1%28.6%+0.1 ppsince 201523.7%27.7%23.7%
Jobs in servicesEmployment in services, % of total employment49.5%2025131/18745/4935.8%42.2%47.6%+3.9 ppsince 201569.7%52.4%50.6%
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)“·” — no value reported within two years of that date. World rank counts countries with a recent value.

Better than ten years ago

Worse than ten years ago

Only indicators where higher or lower is clearly better are rated (for example, unemployment down is better, life expectancy up is better).

neighbours

Turkmenistan and its neighbours

Countries sharing a land border with Turkmenistan. Latest values since 2005; the highest in each row is marked.

IndicatorTurkmenistanIranAfghanistanUzbekistanKazakhstan
Labour force2.2m202529.5m20259.4m202514.6m202510.0m2025
Participation rate42.0%202541.0%202537.5%202557.5%202567.8%2025
Women's participation38.2%202514.0%20255.1%202541.2%202562.6%2025
Employment rate40.2%202537.6%202532.5%202554.8%202564.5%2025
Unemployment4.3%20258.3%202513.4%20254.6%20254.8%2025
Female unemployment2.5%202515.6%202525.0%20256.6%20255.5%2025
Youth unemployment10.0%202521.9%202516.8%202511.4%20253.8%2025
Wage workers68.0%202557.1%202516.6%202554.6%202573.9%2025
Vulnerable employment28.3%202539.5%202581.8%202533.3%202524.8%2025
Iran: labourAfghanistan: labourUzbekistan: labourKazakhstan: labour
Labour in Europe & Central Asiaall 58 economies rankedLabour: upper-middle-income countries59 economies rankedLabour: world leaderboardstop and bottom countriesTurkmenistan: all key statisticscountry profile