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Population · Sub-Saharan Africa · Low income

Madagascar: population and demography

Population is 32.7m (2025), 49th of 217 in the world and 12th of 48 in Sub-Saharan Africa. Population growth is 2.40% (2025), 28th of 217 in the world and 19th of 48 in Sub-Saharan Africa. Urban share is 32.9% (2025), 188th of 217 in the world and 36th of 48 in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Population32.7m2025 · world 49/217 · region 12/48Population growth2.40%2025 · world 28/217 · region 19/48Urban share32.9%2025 · world 188/217 · region 36/48Density54.92024 · world 150/216 · region 29/48
Population
Madagascar
010.0m20.0m30.0m40.0m1995200020052010201520202025Madagascar32.7m
Population growth
MadagascarSub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeWorld
0%1.0%2.0%3.0%4.0%1995200020052010201520202025Madagascar2.40%Sub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeWorld
12 indicators

Population: Madagascar in detail

Latest reported value, world rank and rank within Sub-Saharan Africa; values around 2000, 2010, 2020; group and world columns are World Bank aggregates.

IndicatorLatestWorld rankIn region~2000~2010~202010-year changeRegionIncome groupWorldSince 2000
PopulationPopulation32.7m202549/21712/4816.5m22.2m29.0m+29%since 20151.3bn767m8.2bn
Population growthPopulation growth, annual %2.40%202528/21719/483.17%2.91%2.57%−0.2 ppsince 20152.43%2.69%0.91%
Urban shareUrban population, % of total32.9%2025188/21736/4825.0%27.9%30.7%+3.7 ppsince 201544.7%35.2%57.8%
DensityPopulation density, people per km²54.92024150/21629/4828.438.149.8+29%since 201452.749.562.1
FertilityFertility rate, births per woman3.91202426/21724/485.674.904.17−12%since 20144.264.462.19
Birth rateBirth rate, per 1,000 people31.7202422/21720/4842.036.733.3−7.2%since 201432.834.016.3
Death rateDeath rate, per 1,000 people7.52024103/21722/4810.57.87.9−0.3%since 20148.07.07.6
Aged 0–14Population aged 0–14, % of total38.9%202529/21727/4845.4%44.0%40.4%−3.0 ppsince 201540.4%40.9%24.4%
Aged 65+Population aged 65+, % of total3.5%2025180/21720/482.8%2.7%3.2%+0.7 ppsince 20153.2%3.3%10.4%
Dependency ratioAge dependency ratio, % of working-age population73.6%202531/21727/4893.2%87.6%77.1%−7.4 ppsince 201578.1%80.2%54.5%
Net migrationNet migration, people-2,2272025120/21717/48-4,298-1,979-1,480+14%since 2015-223,909160,8310
Adolescent birthsAdolescent fertility, births per 1,000 women aged 15–19128.720248/2178/48147.7143.0135.0−5.9%since 201491.990.738.3
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)“·” — no value reported within two years of that date. World rank counts countries with a recent value.

Better than ten years ago

Worse than ten years ago

No rated indicator got worse over the decade.

Only indicators where higher or lower is clearly better are rated (for example, unemployment down is better, life expectancy up is better).

neighbours

Madagascar and its neighbours

Countries sharing a land border with Madagascar. Latest values since 2005; the highest in each row is marked.

IndicatorMadagascarFranceMozambiqueComorosSeychelles
Population32.7m202568.7m202535.6m2025882,8472025122,7302025
Population growth2.40%20250.25%20252.85%20251.85%20251.13%2025
Urban share32.9%202578.8%202537.2%202533.9%202545.5%2025
Density54.92024127.2202444.02024463.52024265.52024
Fertility3.9120241.6120244.6920243.8220241.852024
Birth rate31.720249.7202437.0202428.2202411.02024
Death rate7.520249.420246.920247.120247.02024
Aged 0–1438.9%202516.2%202544.2%202536.9%202519.8%2025
Aged 65+3.5%202522.5%20252.7%20254.5%20258.7%2025
France: populationMozambique: populationComoros: populationSeychelles: population
Population in Sub-Saharan Africaall 48 economies rankedPopulation: low-income countries25 economies rankedPopulation: world leaderboardstop and bottom countriesMadagascar: all key statisticscountry profile